20世纪70年代日本重化型产业结构调整研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 19:57

本文选题：重化型产业结构 + 转型升级　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：产业结构与经济发展密切相关,一国经济发展的过程在一定程度上可以视为该国产业结构的调整过程。当前中国进入了工业化后期阶段,经济发展已由高速增长转为了中高速增长,“新常态”背景下,我国面临着复杂而艰巨的任务——既要稳增长,又要调结构。从国际经验来看,许多国家正是在这个时期出现了大的问题,甚至陷入危机,而日本却通过产业结构的适时调整呈现出稳定增长的景象。对比中国现阶段面临的问题和日本在20世纪70年代面临的状况可以发现,其间存在众多相似之处。因此,对70年代日本重化型产业结构的调整的研究可以为当前中国经济转型提供借鉴和指导。本文在对产业结构概念及其调整理论进行研究的基础上,首先对70年代日本重化型产业结构调整的背景和原因进行了探究,然后指出了这次产业结构调整的方向与采取的主要政策措施,并对其取得的成效和存在的问题进行了评述。结果显示:20世纪70年代日本产业结构的调整是在日元升值、两次石油危机和经济摩擦日益加剧的国际背景下,为解决重化型产业结构与能源结构、环境协调发展、国民化需求和经济增长动力转换间的矛盾而进行的;这次的调整的基本方向是从“重、厚、长、大”的资本密集型产业转向“轻、薄、短、小”的知识和技术密集型产业,日本政府和企业主要是通过制定合理的产业政策、推进技术革新、企业减量经营、制定节能措施和开发新能源措施、加大海外直接投资等途径来推进产业结构的调整的;总的来说,这次的调整一方面产生了产业结构日益高级化、经济保持稳定增长且节能经济发展显著、出口急剧扩大等显著成效,但另一方面也存在着对外投资过度导致国内产业结构“空心化”、国内投资总规模减小和技术创新不足、经济增长过度依赖外需等问题。通过以上对日本重化型产业结构调整过程的全面分析,篇末之处,笔者在对“新常态”背景下中国产业结构调整与转型必要性进行分析的基础上,从日本70年代调整的过程中得出了对当前中国产业结构调整的五点启示,分别是:制定科学合理的产业政策,并付诸于立法保障;调动企业的积极性,发挥企业在结构升级中的活力;运用“引进、吸收+创新”模式,强化技术创新能力;发展节能环保技术,推动“环境立国”战略;产业结构的调整要兼顾产业体系的完整性和就业的稳定性等。
[Abstract]:The industrial structure is closely related to the economic development, and the process of a country's economic development can be regarded as the adjustment process of the country's industrial structure to a certain extent. At present, China has entered the late stage of industrialization, and the economic development has changed from high speed growth to medium high speed growth. Under the background of "new normal", China is faced with a complex and arduous task of steady growth and structural adjustment. From the international experience, many countries in this period appeared great problems, even into a crisis, but Japan through the timely adjustment of industrial structure presents a stable growth scene. Comparing the problems faced by China and Japan in the 1970s, we can find that there are many similarities between them. Therefore, the study on the readjustment of Japan's heavy industrial structure in the 1970s can provide reference and guidance for the current economic transformation of China. Based on the study of the concept of industrial structure and its adjustment theory, this paper first explores the background and causes of the readjustment of the industrial structure in Japan in the 1970s. Then it points out the direction and main policy measures of the industrial structure adjustment, and comments on its achievements and problems. The results show that the adjustment of Japan's industrial structure in the 1970s was under the international background of the appreciation of the yen, the two oil crises and the increasing economic friction. In order to solve the problem of heavy industrial structure and energy structure, the environment developed harmoniously. The basic direction of this adjustment is to shift from "heavy, thick, long and large" capital-intensive industries to "light, thin, short and small" knowledge-and technology-intensive industries. The Japanese government and enterprises mainly promote the adjustment of industrial structure by making reasonable industrial policies, promoting technological innovation, reducing business operation, formulating energy-saving measures and new energy development measures, increasing overseas direct investment and so on. In general, on the one hand, this readjustment has produced remarkable results such as increasing industrial structure, maintaining stable economic growth, remarkable economic development in energy conservation, and rapid expansion of exports. On the other hand, there are also some problems, such as over-investment of foreign countries leading to "hollowing" of domestic industrial structure, reduction of total scale of domestic investment and insufficient technological innovation, excessive dependence of economic growth on external demand, and so on. At the end of the article, the author analyzes the necessity of industrial structure adjustment and transformation in China under the background of "New normal". From the process of Japan's adjustment in the 1970s, five enlightenments to the adjustment of China's industrial structure are drawn. They are: formulating scientific and reasonable industrial policies and putting them into legislative protection; arousing the enthusiasm of enterprises. Give full play to the vitality of enterprises in structural upgrading, apply the mode of "introducing, absorbing and innovating", strengthen the ability of technological innovation, develop energy-saving and environment-friendly technologies, and promote the strategy of "establishing a country by environment"; The adjustment of industrial structure should take into account the integrity of industrial system and the stability of employment.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F131.3

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