宝应县中华绒螯蟹生态养殖技术与产业发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 12:41

本文选题：宝应县 + 河蟹　；参考：《南京农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sisensis H),又称河蟹,是我国特有的名优水产品,主要分布在我国长江、辽河、瓯江流域。河蟹是长江中下游等地区重要的养殖对象,经过三十余年的发展,河蟹养殖业已成为我国独具特色的产业,有力地带动了饲料、渔药、餐饮、旅游、贸易等相关产业的发展。河蟹养殖业是我国渔业生产中发展最为迅速、最具特色、最具潜力的支柱产业,随着农村产业结构调整,河蟹养殖业对于调整农村产业结构,促进农民增收发挥了重要作用。江苏省河蟹产量占全国总产量的一半以上,产值达150亿元,是江苏第一个产值过百亿的水产养殖产业。河蟹养殖也是宝应县的渔业支柱产业,2014年全县河蟹养殖面积26.5万亩,占水产养殖总面积的50.1%,河蟹总产量2.5万吨,占全县水产品产量的14.8%。河蟹单项产值达20亿元,占渔业总产值的比重达37.8%,全县渔农民来自河蟹的人均纯收入达1000元。宝应湖河蟹养殖已经逐渐形成了专业化扣蟹培育、精品化成蟹养殖和统一化品牌销售的产业化发展格局。近年来,随着宝应县河蟹养殖产业规模的急剧扩大,生产的飞速发展,河蟹养殖中的种质资源退化、养殖环境恶化、病害日益严重及成蟹质量下降等深层次的问题逐步暴露出来。培育优良养殖品种,推广先进科学的养殖技术,提高河蟹养殖生产管理水平,坚持健康绿色养殖,优化养殖环境,生产无公害的绿色产品成为产业发展的重点。发展河蟹生态养殖就是综合运用天然资源与人工养殖相结合,利用养殖规律和科学技术相结合,养成大规格高产量的优质产品,提高生产效益。通过合理的养殖环境营造,打造一个水、底、草、藻、菌、虫、螺、蟹生态平衡的绿色生产系统。为促进宝应县河蟹生态养殖产业健康快速发展,本文研究了以环境营造、水质调控和投入品管理等为核心的河蟹生态养殖技术,分析了技术发展存在的问题和相应对策。同时,从宝应河蟹产业的现状及存在的主要问题出发,提出了做大、做强宝应河蟹产业的思路,从专业化苗种培育、调整生态养殖结构、加强政策引导、强化产业化经营、培植龙头企业、实施品牌战略、发展河蟹文化等多方面提出了宝应河蟹生态养殖产业化发展策略。
[Abstract]:Eriocheir sisensis, also known as river crab, is a unique and famous aquatic product in China. It mainly distributes in Yangtze River, Liaohe River and Oujiang River valley in China. River crab is an important culturing object in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After more than 30 years' development, the river crab breeding industry has become a unique industry in our country, which has promoted the development of feed, fishery, medicine, catering, tourism, trade and other related industries. River crab farming is the pillar industry with the most rapid development, the most characteristic and the most potential in the fishery production of our country. With the adjustment of the rural industrial structure, the river crab breeding industry has played an important role in adjusting the rural industrial structure and promoting the increase of farmers' income. The yield of river crabs in Jiangsu Province accounts for more than half of the total output of the country, and the output value is 15 billion yuan, which is the first aquaculture industry in Jiangsu Province with an output value of more than 10 billion yuan. River crab culture is also a pillar industry of fishery in Baoying County. In 2014, the area of river crab cultivation in the whole county was 265000 mu, accounting for 50.1 mu of the total area of aquaculture, and the total output of river crab was 25000 tons, accounting for 14.8% of the total aquatic product output of the whole county. The single output value of river crab is 2 billion yuan, which accounts for 37.8% of the total fishery output value, and the per capita net income of fishing farmers from river crab reaches 1000 yuan in the whole county. The breeding of river crabs in Baoying Lake has gradually formed the industrialized development pattern of specialized crabs cultivation, fine products into crab breeding and unified brand sales. In recent years, with the rapid expansion of river crab farming industry in Baoying County and the rapid development of production, the germplasm resources in river crab culture have been degraded, and the breeding environment has deteriorated. The disease is becoming more and more serious and the quality of adult crab is declining. Cultivating fine breed, popularizing advanced and scientific breeding technology, improving management level of river crab breeding, insisting on healthy green culture, optimizing breeding environment and producing pollution-free green products have become the focus of industry development. To develop ecological culture of river crab is to combine natural resources with artificial culture, combine breeding law with science and technology, develop high quality products with large scale and high yield, and improve production efficiency. Create a green production system of water, bottom, grass, algae, bacteria, insect, snail and crab. In order to promote the healthy and rapid development of ecological culture industry of river crab in Baoying County, this paper studied the ecological culture technology of river crab with the core of environmental construction, water quality control and input management, and analyzed the problems existing in the technology development and the corresponding countermeasures. At the same time, based on the present situation and main problems of Baoying river crab industry, this paper puts forward the idea of making the crab industry bigger and stronger, from the view of specialized seedling breeding, adjusting ecological breeding structure, strengthening policy guidance and strengthening industrialization management. Cultivating leading enterprises, carrying out brand strategy, developing crab culture and so on, this paper puts forward the development strategy of ecological breeding industrialization of Baoying river crab.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.4

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