全球纺织产业价值链动态演化的机制与实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:21

本文选题：纺织产业 + 出口复杂度　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济全球化浪潮的冲击下，每个国家都在思考如何将该国的产业嵌入全球生产网络，如何提升该国产业在全球价值链中的地位，如何使该国在国际贸易中获得较高收益。作为传统产业之一，纺织产业已经拥有比较完整的价值链体系，如何衡量一国在全球价值链中的地位，关系到一国将采用何种产业发展策略。近些年来，以中国、印度、越南为首的东南亚国家每年出口大量纺织品，2012年，仅中国出口的纺织品及服装就达到2550.64亿美元，约占世界纺织品出口总额的36.1%。但巨大的出口总额却与所获得贸易收益不相一致，中国、印度等纺织品出口大国仍处于纺织产业价值链的低端环节。基于此种现象，本文先对纺织产业的贸易情况进行了详细的分析，然后采用Hausmann et al (2005)提出的出口复杂度作为衡量一国价值链地位的指标，测算了46个样本国家2001-2012年纺织产业在全球价值链中的地位。从出口贸易额与价值链地位的排名对比中发现，中国、印度、越南的出口贸易额排名前十，价值链地位却排名30位以后；意大利、德国、美国出口大量纺织品同时，也控制着全球价值链的高端环节，价值链地位高。紧接着，本文探讨了纺织产业价值链动态演化的理论机制，并创新性的将Richard Baldwin (2010)构建的价值链重构理论引用到纺织产业价值链研究上来，经过一系列的假设和严密数学推导，得到了纺织产业价值链每个环节，以及全球价值链在成本最小化下的最优生产定位。理论研究表明通过利用每个国家的比较优势，合理选择原材料生产国、加工国，合理控制交通成本，，每个国家都可以达到最佳生产定位点。依据纺织产业价值链动态演化的理论，本文实证部分进一步研究了全球价值链动态演化的影响因素，并重点研究了发达国家和发展中国家价值链地位演化背后的影响因素。最后本文得出以下结论：第一，大量发展中国家虽然出口总量巨大，增速明显快于发达国家，出口产品的技术含量也有所增加，但出口的技术含量总体并不高，仍以加工贸易为主，处在全球价值链的低端环节。第二，发达国家纺织品出口增速放缓，一直处于贸易逆差状态，但发达国家的纺织产业出口复杂度整体较高，居于价值链高位，获得了较高的贸易收益；但发达国家出口复杂度与发展中国家的差距在缩小。第三，劳动生产率，物质资本，通讯都是显著影响价值链地位提升的重要因素，其中劳动生产率对各国改进价值链地位的贡献最大。第四，发达国家纺织产品的出口技术含量高，处于价值链的高端环节，其主要动力来自于强大的创新能力。第五，FDI对发达国家、发展中国家的纺织产业都具有显著影响，但发达国家引进的外资质量更高，消化吸收能力更快。
[Abstract]:Under the impact of the economic globalization, every country is thinking about how to embed its industry in the global production network, how to enhance its position in the global value chain, and how to make the country gain a higher profit in the international trade. As one of the traditional industries, the textile industry has a relatively complete value chain system. How to measure the status of a country in the global value chain is related to what kind of industrial development strategy a country will adopt. In recent years, Southeast Asian countries, led by China, India and Vietnam, have exported large quantities of textiles every year. In 2012, China alone exported US $255.064 billion in textiles and clothing, accounting for 36.1 percent of the world's total textile exports. However, the huge export volume is not in line with the trade gains. China, India and other major textile export countries are still in the low end of the textile industry value chain. Based on this phenomenon, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the trade situation of textile industry, and then uses the export complexity proposed by Hausmann et al / 2005 as an index to measure the value chain status of a country. The status of textile industry in global value chain from 2001 to 2012 was calculated in 46 sample countries. From the comparison of export trade volume and value chain status, we can see that China, India and Vietnam rank in the top 10 in export trade volume, but in the value chain position in the third place; Italy, Germany, and the United States export a large number of textiles at the same time. Also controls the global value chain the high-end link, the value chain position is high. Then, this paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of the dynamic evolution of the textile industry value chain, and innovatively applies the value chain reconstruction theory constructed by Richard Baldwin / 2010 to the textile industry value chain research, through a series of assumptions and rigorous mathematical derivation. The optimal production orientation of the global value chain under the minimization of cost is obtained for each link of the textile industry value chain. The theoretical study shows that each country can achieve the best production location by making use of the comparative advantage of each country, selecting the raw material producing country, processing country and controlling the transportation cost reasonably. Based on the theory of the dynamic evolution of the textile industry value chain, this paper further studies the influencing factors of the global value chain dynamic evolution, and focuses on the influence factors behind the evolution of the value chain position in developed and developing countries. Finally, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, although a large number of developing countries have a large total export volume, the growth rate is obviously faster than that of the developed countries, and the technology content of the export products has also increased, but the export technology content is not high. Still mainly in processing trade, in the global value chain at the low end of the link. Second, the textile export growth rate of developed countries has slowed down, and has been in the state of trade deficit, but the textile industry of developed countries has a higher export complexity, higher value chain and higher trade income. But the gap between developed and developing countries is narrowing. Third, labor productivity, material capital and communication are all the important factors that affect the value chain position, among which labor productivity contributes the most to the improvement of value chain position. Fourth, the export technology of textile products in developed countries is high, and it is in the high end of value chain, and its main motive force comes from strong innovation ability. Fifth, FDI has a significant impact on the textile industry in developed and developing countries, but the quality of foreign capital imported by developed countries is higher, and the ability of absorption and digestion is faster.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F416.81

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