以晶体硅太阳能电池产业为例的产业生命周期评价初探

发布时间：2018-05-27 10:07

本文选题：产业 + 生命周期评价　；参考：《环境科学研究》2017年12期

【摘要】：面对日益复杂的环境问题和精细化环境管理需求,为了将生命周期评价在产业结构调整、发展方式转变中更好地发挥作用,对在产业层面开展生命周期评价的方法进行了探索研究.产业生命周期评价是在产品生命周期评价的基础上增加了:(1)基于"可拆解可组合"生态设计理念的功能单位和系统边界确定;(2)质量评估和数据整合的数据收集过程;(3)以不确定性分析来验证数据的合理性.选择晶体硅太阳能电池产业进行了产业生命周期评价的案例应用.结果表明:晶体硅太阳能电池产业可分为4个产品单元和11个工艺单元.基于上述产品单元和工艺单元的资源能源投入和污染物排放数据进行收集,在数据质量评估之后通过数据整合形成了产业生命周期数据清单.产业生命周期环境影响主要集中在呼吸系统影响(41.94%)、化石燃料(25.20%)、致癌(14.89%)和气候变化(8.80%)4个环境影响类别;减少环境影响的精准化途径是减少高纯多晶硅、硅片、电池片产品的电耗,组件产品中焊带消耗,硅片产品中的砂浆消耗和组件产品的铝合金边框消耗.蒙特卡洛分析结果显示,高纯多晶硅生命周期评价结果不确定性较高,与数据质量评估的结果较为一致.案例应用结果说明,产品生命周期评价可将生命周期评价从产品层面提升到产业层面,可为国家产业发展提供科学支撑.
[Abstract]:In the face of increasingly complex environmental problems and refined environmental management needs, in order to play a better role in the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of development mode, The methods of life cycle evaluation at industry level are explored and studied. Industrial life cycle evaluation is based on the product life cycle evaluation, adding 1: 1) based on the concept of "detachable and combinable" ecological design concept of functional units and systems to determine the boundaries of the two) quality assessment and data integration data collection The uncertainty analysis is used to verify the rationality of the data. A case study on the industry life cycle evaluation of crystalline silicon solar cell industry was carried out. The results show that the crystal silicon solar cell industry can be divided into 4 product units and 11 process units. Based on the resource and energy input and pollutant emission data collected from the product unit and process unit, the industrial life cycle data inventory was formed by data integration after the data quality evaluation. Industrial life-cycle environmental impacts are mainly concentrated in four environmental impact categories: respiratory impact, fossil fuel 25.20, carcinogenic 14.89) and climate change 8.80. The way to reduce environmental impact is to reduce the power consumption of high-purity polysilicon, silicon wafer, and battery chip products. Welding tape consumption in assembly products, mortar consumption in silicon wafer products and aluminum alloy frame consumption in assembly products. The results of Monte Carlo analysis show that the uncertainty of the life cycle evaluation results of high purity polysilicon is high, which is consistent with the results of data quality assessment. The application results show that the product life cycle evaluation can promote the life cycle evaluation from the product level to the industrial level and provide scientific support for the national industrial development.
【作者单位】：中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室;康达国际环保有限公司;
【基金】：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201209056)
【分类号】：F426.61;X82

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