产能过剩的政治经济学解释

发布时间：2018-07-05 11:44

本文选题：产能过剩 + 政治经济学　；参考：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在2016年中央经济工作会议中,中央将“去产能”作为今年经济工作的第一位。产能过剩已经成为现阶段我国经济的一大顽疾。但一直以来鲜有从政治经济学理论层面思考产能过剩的原因。本文从政治经济学的视角,主要采用定性分析与定量分析相结合、实证分析与规范分析相结合的分析方法,提出产能过剩是市场经济内在缺陷的外在表现,从而还原产能过剩的本质及其根源。一般认为,产能过剩是市场对商品需求与供给的偏差,从而使得实际生产能力的利用低于现已投入的生产能力,并达到一定严重程度而形成生产能力的过剩。产能过剩是过度竞争的结果,是产业组织、产业结构不平衡的外在表现。而从政治经济学理论层面思考,产能过剩是市场失灵的具体体现,是市场经济条件下两种含义社会必要劳动时间对生产要素错配的结果：第一种含义社会必要劳动时间对生产要素的错配,导致产业组织关系的恶化,并以大量代表过剩产能的企业仍参与社会生产为表象,造成行业整体的生产能力的过剩；第二种含义社会必要劳动时间对生产要素的错配,引起产业结构的失衡,外在表现为某些行业“滞留”大量生产要素,引发产能过剩。但这只是对产能过剩现象的政治经济学抽象,并非是产能过剩发生的根源。通过对生产相对过剩危机理论的类比分析与市场经济制度的分析,认为商品私人劳动与社会劳动的矛盾是产能过剩发生的内在原因,而市场经济自身发展的趋势带来的生产与消费的矛盾是产能过剩发生的直接原因。产能过剩是市场经济内在缺陷的外在表现,是市场失灵的具体体现。因此,化解产能过剩,虽然很需要从需求侧缓解产能过剩,但更重要的是应当从供给侧着手以解决产能过剩,积极发挥政府的作用,通过制定合理有效的产业组织、产业结构政策,校正市场经济的缺陷,从根本上化解产能过剩。
[Abstract]:In the 2016 Central Economic work Conference, the central government will "deproductivity" as the first economic work this year. Overcapacity has become a major disease of our economy at this stage. But there has been little consideration of the causes of overcapacity from the political economic theory. From the perspective of political economy, this paper mainly adopts the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, empirical analysis and normative analysis, and points out that overcapacity is the external manifestation of the inherent defects of market economy. So as to reduce the nature of excess capacity and its root. It is generally believed that overcapacity is the deviation between the demand and supply of commodities in the market, which makes the utilization of the actual production capacity lower than the productive capacity that has been put in now, and reaches a certain degree of severity, thus forming the excess production capacity. Overcapacity is the result of excessive competition and the external manifestation of industrial organization and industrial structure imbalance. From the perspective of political economy theory, overcapacity is the concrete embodiment of market failure. It is the result of mismatch of social necessary labor time to production factor under the condition of market economy. First, the mismatch of necessary social labor time to production factor leads to the deterioration of industrial organization relationship. And taking a large number of enterprises representing excess capacity as the appearance of participating in social production, resulting in the excess production capacity of the whole industry; second, the mismatch of the necessary labor time to the factors of production in the second kind of meaning, causing the imbalance of the industrial structure, External performance for some industries, "stranded" a large number of factors of production, causing overcapacity. But this is a political economic abstraction of overcapacity, not a source of overcapacity. Through the analogy analysis of the theory of relative excess production crisis and the analysis of the market economy system, it is concluded that the contradiction between the private labor of commodity and the social labor is the internal cause of overcapacity. The contradiction between production and consumption brought by the development trend of market economy is the direct cause of overcapacity. Overcapacity is the external manifestation of the inherent defects of market economy and the concrete embodiment of market failure. Therefore, although it is very necessary to alleviate overcapacity on the demand side, it is more important to tackle overcapacity on the supply side, to give full play to the role of the government, and to develop a reasonable and effective industrial organization. The industrial structure policy, corrects the market economy flaw, solves the overcapacity fundamentally.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124

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