中国高科技产业对发达经济体直接投资的逆向技术溢出研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 06:46
【摘要】：在经济全球化条件下,一国的技术进步不仅仅取决于其国内研发投入,还取决于从他国获取的技术溢出。通过对外直接投资模式,一方面子公司能够感知和掌握全球先进技术研发动态,获得研发资源,另一方面国内的母公司可以通过吸收子公司接收的资源和信息,提供其竞争力,提高母国的技术水平和竞争力。2014年,中国流入发达经济体的投资为238.3亿美元,较上年同比增长72.3%,远超流向发展中或转型经济体的增速(6.3%),其中:对欧盟投资97.87亿美元,同比增长116.3%;对美国投资75.96亿美元,同比增长93%。同时中国对欧盟、美国、澳大利亚的投资均创历史最高值,发达经济体已经成为中国企业海外投资的首选之地。由此可推断,中国将发达国家的直接投资作为技术创新的重要来源。那么中国高科技产业对发达经济体直接投资能否获得显著的逆向技术溢出、哪些宏观环境因素影响中国的技术溢出从而决定如何合理配置高科技产业对发达经济体直接投资资源的研究越来越重要。尽管已经有很多学者研究了对外直接投资与母国技术创新的关系,但是关于技术投资渠道与母国技术创新之间的关系还需进一步研究,这也是本文选题的主要原因。本文发现以往关于技术投资渠道的研究比较局限,并且大多研究以发达国家为研究对象,而对发展中国家OFDI的逆向技术溢出研究较少,基于此,本文以中国为研究对象,分析发展中国家对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出与技术创新之间的关系。其次,本文将高科技产业对外直接投资与逆向技术溢出研究相结合。本文选择在以往的行业研究上进一步深化,即从在发达经济体投资的高科技产业视角,对于逆向技术溢出研究更加深入和具有针对性。此外,本文首次综合以往学者研究将影响一国技术溢出的宏观环境因素整合分为四类,即开放环境、制度环境、经济环境以及融资环境,研究其对一个国家吸收技术溢出的影响。本文主要分为六部分研究中国高科技产业在发达经济体直接投资的逆向技术溢出。第一部分为绪论,主要介绍本文的研究背景、研究意义以及研究方法和可能创新点等;第二部分主要是理论综述,包括相关概念的界定、对外直接投资领域文献综述;第三部分为中国高科技产业在发达经济体的投资现状分析,包括中国对外直接投资、中国在发达经济体投资以及中国高科技行业在发达经济体的投资分析;第四部分是逆向技术溢出实证研究,包括模型的构建、变量和数据的选择以及估计结果分析等;第五部分为在第四部分基础上,进一步对影响技术溢出效果的宏观环境因素实证研究,其中包括模型的来源、变量和数据的选择以及实证检验分析等;第六部分是结论、建议和研究不足,基于文章第三、第四和第五部分的实证研究结果得出结论,并结合中国高科技产业在发达经济体投资的特点,为有关部门提供针对性的建议。本文建立了中国高科技行业对发达经济体对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出模型,并利用2007-2014年高科技行业面板数据,实证检验了中国高科技产业对欧盟、美国、澳大利亚、香港、俄罗斯、日本六个发达经济体直接投资对母国技术创新的影响,结果发现对外直接投资渠道下的溢出可以显著提高中国的全要素生产率、人均GDP以及第二第三产业产值。制造业对外直接投资显著提了母国的全要素生产率,而其他四个高科技行业并没有显著影响;本文通过宏观环境因素对技术溢出影响模型进一步验证并拓展了技术溢出的宏观环境因素领域研究。模型回归结果表明,中国的融资环境、开放环境和经济环境对中国对外接触渠道获取的技术溢出有显著正向促进作用,而制度环境对于中国通过各种渠道吸收技术溢出影响不显著。通过比较回归系数可知,经济环境对技术溢出的影响程度要远大于融资环境和开放环境的影响。
[Abstract]:Under economic globalization, technological progress of a country depends not only on its domestic R & D investment, but also on technology spillover from his country. through the external direct investment mode, on the one hand, the subsidiary can sense and master the research and development of the advanced technology in the world, acquire R & D resources, and the parent company in China can provide the competitiveness thereof through the resources and information received by the subsidiary companies, Increasing the technical level and competitiveness of home countries. In 2014, China's investment in advanced economies was $238,300 million, up from 72.3% on a year-on-year basis, as far as growth in the developing or transition economies (6.3%), of which $97 billion was invested in the European Union, an increase of 116. 3% on a year-on-year basis; US investment of US $79.5 billion, a year-on-year increase of 93%. At the same time, China's investment in the European Union, the United States and Australia has the highest historical value. Developed economies have become the first choice for Chinese enterprises to invest overseas. It can be concluded that China's direct investment in developed countries is an important source of technological innovation. So, it is more and more important for China's high-tech industry to invest in advanced economies with significant reverse technology spillover, which macro environmental factors affect China's technology spillover, and determine how to allocate high-tech industries to the developed economies' direct investment resources. Although many scholars have studied the relationship between foreign direct investment and home country technological innovation, the relationship between technology investment channel and home country technological innovation needs further research, which is also the main reason of this paper. In this paper, we find that the research of technology investment channels is limited, and most of them are developed countries as research objects, and the research on reverse technology spillover is less in developing countries. Based on this, this paper takes China as the research object. To analyze the relationship between reverse technology spillover and technological innovation of FDI in developing countries. Secondly, this paper combines the direct investment of high-tech industry with the research of reverse technology spillover. This paper chooses to further deepen the research of the past industry, namely, from the perspective of high-tech industry invested in advanced economies, it is more and more targeted for the research of reverse technology spillover. In addition, the first comprehensive study of the past scholars will be divided into four types, namely open environment, institutional environment, economic environment and financing environment, and study its influence on national absorption technology spillover. This paper is divided into six parts: the reverse technology spillover of China's high-tech industry's direct investment in developed economies. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research background, the research significance and the research methods and possible innovation points of the thesis, and the second part is the theoretical review, including the definition of relevant concepts, the literature review in the field of foreign direct investment. The third part analyses the present situation of China's high-tech industry's investment in developed economies, including China's foreign direct investment, China's investment in developed economies and the investment analysis of China's high-tech industry in developed economies, and the fourth part is an empirical study of reverse technology spillover. including the construction of the model, the selection of the variables and the data, the analysis of the estimation results, etc.; the fifth part is an empirical study on the macro environmental factors which influence the technical spillover effect on the basis of the fourth part, The sixth part is the conclusion, suggestion and research insufficiency, based on the third, fourth and fifth part of the article to draw a conclusion, and combine with the characteristics of the investment in advanced economies in China's high-tech industry, Provide targeted recommendations for relevant departments. This paper establishes the reverse technology spillover model of China's high-tech industry to foreign direct investment in developed economies, and makes use of the 2007-2014 high-tech industry panel data, and empirically tests the high-tech industry in China to EU, USA, Australia, Hong Kong and Russia. The impact of direct investment in six developed economies on the home country's technological innovation shows that the spillover of foreign direct investment can significantly improve China's total factor productivity, per capita GDP and the output value of the second tertiary industry. The external direct investment of manufacturing industry has significantly raised the total factor productivity of home country, while the other four high-tech industries do not have significant influence; this paper further verifies the technology spillover effect model through macro environmental factors and expands the research on the macro environmental factors of technology spillover. The model regression results show that China's financing environment, open environment and economic environment have a significant positive effect on the technology spillover of China's external access channel, while the system environment has no significant impact on China's ability to absorb technology spillover through different channels. By comparing the regression coefficient, the influence of economic environment on technology spillover is far greater than that of financing environment and open environment.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.6
[Abstract]:Under economic globalization, technological progress of a country depends not only on its domestic R & D investment, but also on technology spillover from his country. through the external direct investment mode, on the one hand, the subsidiary can sense and master the research and development of the advanced technology in the world, acquire R & D resources, and the parent company in China can provide the competitiveness thereof through the resources and information received by the subsidiary companies, Increasing the technical level and competitiveness of home countries. In 2014, China's investment in advanced economies was $238,300 million, up from 72.3% on a year-on-year basis, as far as growth in the developing or transition economies (6.3%), of which $97 billion was invested in the European Union, an increase of 116. 3% on a year-on-year basis; US investment of US $79.5 billion, a year-on-year increase of 93%. At the same time, China's investment in the European Union, the United States and Australia has the highest historical value. Developed economies have become the first choice for Chinese enterprises to invest overseas. It can be concluded that China's direct investment in developed countries is an important source of technological innovation. So, it is more and more important for China's high-tech industry to invest in advanced economies with significant reverse technology spillover, which macro environmental factors affect China's technology spillover, and determine how to allocate high-tech industries to the developed economies' direct investment resources. Although many scholars have studied the relationship between foreign direct investment and home country technological innovation, the relationship between technology investment channel and home country technological innovation needs further research, which is also the main reason of this paper. In this paper, we find that the research of technology investment channels is limited, and most of them are developed countries as research objects, and the research on reverse technology spillover is less in developing countries. Based on this, this paper takes China as the research object. To analyze the relationship between reverse technology spillover and technological innovation of FDI in developing countries. Secondly, this paper combines the direct investment of high-tech industry with the research of reverse technology spillover. This paper chooses to further deepen the research of the past industry, namely, from the perspective of high-tech industry invested in advanced economies, it is more and more targeted for the research of reverse technology spillover. In addition, the first comprehensive study of the past scholars will be divided into four types, namely open environment, institutional environment, economic environment and financing environment, and study its influence on national absorption technology spillover. This paper is divided into six parts: the reverse technology spillover of China's high-tech industry's direct investment in developed economies. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research background, the research significance and the research methods and possible innovation points of the thesis, and the second part is the theoretical review, including the definition of relevant concepts, the literature review in the field of foreign direct investment. The third part analyses the present situation of China's high-tech industry's investment in developed economies, including China's foreign direct investment, China's investment in developed economies and the investment analysis of China's high-tech industry in developed economies, and the fourth part is an empirical study of reverse technology spillover. including the construction of the model, the selection of the variables and the data, the analysis of the estimation results, etc.; the fifth part is an empirical study on the macro environmental factors which influence the technical spillover effect on the basis of the fourth part, The sixth part is the conclusion, suggestion and research insufficiency, based on the third, fourth and fifth part of the article to draw a conclusion, and combine with the characteristics of the investment in advanced economies in China's high-tech industry, Provide targeted recommendations for relevant departments. This paper establishes the reverse technology spillover model of China's high-tech industry to foreign direct investment in developed economies, and makes use of the 2007-2014 high-tech industry panel data, and empirically tests the high-tech industry in China to EU, USA, Australia, Hong Kong and Russia. The impact of direct investment in six developed economies on the home country's technological innovation shows that the spillover of foreign direct investment can significantly improve China's total factor productivity, per capita GDP and the output value of the second tertiary industry. The external direct investment of manufacturing industry has significantly raised the total factor productivity of home country, while the other four high-tech industries do not have significant influence; this paper further verifies the technology spillover effect model through macro environmental factors and expands the research on the macro environmental factors of technology spillover. The model regression results show that China's financing environment, open environment and economic environment have a significant positive effect on the technology spillover of China's external access channel, while the system environment has no significant impact on China's ability to absorb technology spillover through different channels. By comparing the regression coefficient, the influence of economic environment on technology spillover is far greater than that of financing environment and open environment.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.6
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