各产业中劳动报酬份额变化研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 08:36

【摘要】：当前,我国以出口为导向的外向型经济发展模式遇到了各种各样的挑战。拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”中的投资和出口遭遇瓶颈,经济增长的新动力落脚在了消费上。拉动内需、扩大消费成为当前发展的重要任务。消费的基础是劳动者,收入来源是劳动报酬,因此收入分配中劳动报酬份额的变化成为研究的重点。党的十八大会议和十八届三中全会,明确提出改善民生,促进社会公平正义,深化社会改革和收入分配制度改革,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步,提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。提高“两个比重”的诉求再次被写进社会发展指导纲要中。本文创新性之处在于以投入产出表为基础,从产业角度出发,探寻各产业收入分配格局的演变历程及其与整体收入分配格局之间的关系。本文研究结果显示,从份额上看,科教文卫业的劳动报酬份额最高,最高达到85%,金融业劳动报酬份额最低。从波动程度上看,流通业波动幅度最大。金融业波动幅度最小。增加值占国内生产总值最高的重工业、流通业,其内部劳动报酬占比的变化趋势同整体变化趋势—致,且其增加值的内部分配情况与整体增加值分配情况有显著的相关关系。轻工业、金融资产业及新兴产业劳动报酬占比较低。公共服务业和科教文卫业是八大类别中最高的,在60%以上。本文研究中也发现了一些问题。八大产业增加值中劳动报酬占比低于国民经济劳动报酬占比的达到5个,且增加值占比较大的重工业、流通业、轻工业、金融资产业大幅度低于平均水平。劳动报酬整体占比不高,形势不容乐观。针对各产业收入分配中劳动报酬占比的不同状况和变化趋势,本文提出相对应的政策建议。继续做大做强国民经济。推行结构性减税,适当降低政府、企业税收负担,发挥税收的收入调节作用,鼓励小微企业发展,增加劳动报酬占总增加值的比重。重工业和流通业,要着重进行内部分配改革。完善劳动、资本、技术、管理等要素按贡献参与分配的初次分配机制,完善最低工资和工资支付保障制度,完善企业工资集体协商制度。适时适度加大对建筑业的扶持力度,提高建筑业增加值在国内生产总值的占比。扶持公共服务业和科教文卫业,提高增加值占比。整合科技规划和资源,深化教育综合改革,完善政府对基础性、战略性、前沿性科学研究和共性技术研究的支持机制。
[Abstract]:At present, China's export-oriented economic development model has encountered a variety of challenges. Investment and exports in the troika of economic growth meet bottlenecks, and the new power of economic growth lies in consumption. Stimulating domestic demand and expanding consumption has become an important task for current development. The basis of consumption is laborer, and the source of income is labor reward, so the change of labor compensation share in income distribution becomes the focus of study. The 18th National Congress of the Party and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed to improve the people's livelihood, promote social equity and justice, deepen social reform and reform of the income distribution system, and strive to synchronize the growth of residents' incomes with economic development. Increase the proportion of resident income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution. The appeal of raising the "two proportion" was once again included in the social development guidelines. On the basis of input-output table and from the angle of industry, the innovation of this paper is to explore the evolution course of income distribution pattern of various industries and the relationship between it and the overall income distribution pattern. The results show that the share of labor compensation is the highest in science, education, culture and health, and the lowest in financial industry. From the point of view of the degree of fluctuation, circulation fluctuates the most. The financial sector is the least volatile. In heavy industry, circulation industry with the highest gross domestic product, the change trend of internal labor reward is caused by the overall changing trend, and the internal distribution of added value has a significant correlation with the distribution of total added value. Light industry, financial assets industry and emerging industries labor compensation is relatively low. Public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry are the highest in the eight categories, at more than 60%. Some problems are also found in this paper. Of the eight major industries, the proportion of labor compensation is lower than that of the national economy by 5, and the heavy industry, circulation industry, light industry and financial assets industry, which account for a large proportion of the added value, are substantially below the average level. The overall proportion of labor remuneration is not high, the situation is not optimistic. In view of the different situation and changing trend of the proportion of labor reward in the income distribution of various industries, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. We will continue to expand and strengthen the national economy. We should carry out structural tax reduction, appropriately reduce the tax burden on the government and enterprises, give play to the role of tax revenue regulation, encourage the development of small and micro enterprises, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration to the total added value. Heavy industry and circulation should focus on internal distribution reform. Improve labor, capital, technology, management and other elements according to contributions to participate in the distribution of the initial distribution mechanism, improve the minimum wage and wage payment security system, and improve the collective bargaining system of enterprise wages. Timely and appropriate increase of support to the construction industry, to increase the proportion of the value added in the gross domestic product. Support the public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry, and increase the proportion of added value. Integrating scientific and technological planning and resources, deepening the comprehensive reform of education, and perfecting the government's support mechanism for basic, strategic and front-line scientific research and common technology research.
【学位授予单位】：财政部财政科学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.24

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