资源再生产业发展中的政府扶持政策研究

发布时间：2019-04-01 15:36

【摘要】：当今,资源紧缺的同时伴随着环境污染、生态退化已成为全球的严重问题,引起了全世界的警醒与关注,经济增长方式粗放和线性、不尊重生态规律的经济模式是造成这一切的主要根源。人类从生态系统平衡协调、物质循环的原理得到启示,认识到资源可以通过物质循环的方式得到更充分、更高效的利用,在集约型生产方式下,废弃物不再是废物,而是可以循环利用的资源。废弃物资源化是打通物质闭路循环通道的关键环节,在经济社会体制下,废弃物的回收循环和处理除了遵循生态系统生态平衡和物质循环的规律外,更需要发挥市场机制,使更多的市场主体从事废弃物的回收再利用活动,带动资源再生产业化发展。我国改革开放以来GDP飞速增长已为世界瞩目,但增长方式粗放同样为世界瞩目,许多城市垃圾排放和堆存量快速增长,处理负荷日益增大,令政府不堪重负,环境压力和污染风险加大令公众忧虑。在世界范围内,我国人均资源占有量不高,各种生产所需原材料储备不够,特别是与国家重点行业息息相关的关键资源也非常缺乏,不利于经济的稳步增长。发展资源再生产业,从我国建设“生态文明”、发展循环经济的要求上来看,都已十分迫切。同时,发展资源再生产业不仅有利于环境保护、缓解资源能源危机,还有利于我国拓展产业领域、促进科技水平发展,对带动整体经济,改善就业环境,也能发挥良好的促进作用。资源再生产业在市场经济条件下,会产生一定的正外部性,如果单纯依靠市场主体发挥主观能动性,进行生产,是无法满足社会的总体需求的。因此必须要依靠政府的政策法规的规定、引导和规范,建立激励机制和发挥市场机制进行培育和扶持,出台保障措施进行保障,形成长效机制和稳定市场,以保证长期持续发展。我国目前大力发展循环经济,并将资源再生产业纳入国家重点扶持的“战略性新兴产业”体系之中,从中央至地方,都将推动资源再生产业作为了一段时期的工作重点。伴随着各项扶持政策的相继出台,我国的资源再生产业发展有了较快的发展,但过程中也暴露出一些问题。因而笔者认为,有必要对资源再生产业的政府扶持政策的现存问题及原因进行总结,以更好地出台针对性政策促进资源再生产业发展。本文共分为五部分。首先,阐述研究背景和理论、现实意义,继而梳理国内外与此相关的学术研究,从而确定研究思路和研究方法；接着,界定和阐明了资源再生产业的定义、构成和特征,并从循环经济理论、政府干预理论、产业政策理论出发,分析了政府扶持资源再生产业发展的理论依据；其次,从法律法规、经济激励、行政引导政策三方面对现有资源再生产业发展的政府扶持政策内容进行整理归纳,并找出其问题,总结问题原因；之后,介绍德国、日本、美国三个发达国家发展资源再生产业的扶持政策,并总结其对我国的启示；最后,为完善我国资源再生产业的扶持政策提出了对策及建议：即理顺产业管理体制,完善产业法律体系,优化产业投资环境,加快产业技术创新,加强社会宣传教育。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the shortage of resources is accompanied by environmental pollution, and ecological degradation has become a serious problem in the world, which has caused the alarm and attention of the whole world, the extensive and linear economic growth mode, and the economic mode that does not respect the ecological law is the main source of all this. From the balance of the ecosystem and the principle of material circulation, we know that the resources can be more fully and more efficient through the way of material circulation. In intensive mode of production, the waste is no longer waste, but it can be recycled. The resource of the waste is the key part of the closed circulation channel of the material. In the economic and social system, the recycling and treatment of the wastes need to play the market mechanism in addition to the regulation of the ecological balance of the ecosystem and the circulation of the material. And a more market main body is used for recycling and recycling the waste, and the resource regeneration and industrialization development is driven. Since China's reform and opening-up, the rapid growth of GDP has attracted the attention of the world, but the mode of growth is also the world's attention, and many urban waste discharge and pile stock rapidly grow, the processing load is increasing, and the government is overburdened, and the environmental pressure and the risk of pollution increase public concern. In the world, the per-capita resource of our country is not high, the stock of raw materials required for various production is not enough, especially the key resources that are closely related to the national key industry are also very lacking, which is not conducive to the steady growth of the economy. The development of the resource regeneration industry is very urgent from the requirements of the construction of the "ecological civilization" and the development of the circular economy in our country. At the same time, the development of the resource regeneration industry is not only beneficial to the environment protection, but also to the energy crisis of the resource, but also to the development of the industrial field of our country, to promote the development of the science and technology level, to drive the overall economy, to improve the employment environment, and to play a good role. Under the condition of market economy, the resource regeneration industry will produce a certain positive externality, and if the subjective initiative of the market main body is solely dependent on the production, it is impossible to meet the overall demand of the society. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the provisions of the government's policies and regulations, to guide and regulate, to establish the incentive mechanism and to give full play to the cultivation and support of the market mechanism, to introduce the safeguard measures to guarantee the long-term mechanism and to stabilize the market, so as to ensure the long-term sustainable development. In our country, the circular economy is vigorously developed, and the resource regeneration industry is integrated into the national key-supported "strategic emerging industries" system, from the center to the local, the resource regeneration industry will be promoted as the focus of a period of work. With the successive introduction of the supporting policies, the development of the resource regeneration industry in China has developed rapidly, but some problems are also exposed in the process. Therefore, the author holds that it is necessary to make a summary of the existing problems and reasons of the government support policy of the resource regeneration industry, so as to improve the development of the resource regeneration industry in a better way. This paper is divided into five parts. First of all, the research background and the theory and the practical significance are set forth, and then the relevant academic research at home and abroad is analyzed, so as to determine the research ideas and the research methods; then, the definition, composition and characteristics of the resource regeneration industry are defined and clarified, and from the theory of circular economy and the government intervention theory, On the basis of the theory of industrial policy, the theoretical basis for the development of the government's supporting resources is analyzed, and the contents of the government support policy of the existing resource regeneration industry are summarized from the aspects of laws and regulations, economic incentive and administrative guidance policy, and the problems are found out. This paper summarized the cause of the problem, and then introduced the support policy of the three developed countries in Germany, Japan and the United States to develop the resource regeneration industry, and summarized its enlightenment to our country; and finally, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the supporting policy of the resource regeneration industry in our country, namely, to straighten out the industry management system, To perfect the legal system of the industry, to optimize the investment environment of the industry, to accelerate the technological innovation of the industry and to strengthen the publicity and education of the society.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426;D630

【相似文献】