三次产业革命的制度创新研究

发布时间：2019-04-20 18:49

【摘要】：至今为止,全球范围内的产业革命共有三次。这包括英国的工业革命、美国和德国主导的第二次产业革命和现在正在发生的以智能制造为核心的第三次产业革命。每一次产业革命的发生和发展都与制度创新紧密相联,制度创新为产业革命的顺利开展提供支持。在第一次产业革命——工业革命中,英国借助拓殖运动瓦解封建土地所有制,通过解放运动和圈地运动促进资本主义制度形成,推进市场经济和自由贸易制度使自身市场完善。在此期间,蒸汽动力解放人力为资本主义大生产提供基础,技术革命推动产业制度改革,现代工厂诞生推动工厂制度革新。制度创新带动英国资本主义经济和自由竞争不断发展,促进了私有财产的有效保护、专利制度创新和有效市场机制的形成。但是工业革命后,英国制度创新出现停滞,这表现在政府产业导向政策创新性下降,放任的自由贸易制度引发资金外流,国内产权保护制度发展受阻等。美国和德国通过制度创新抓住机会,在理论层面重视自主创新,施行贸易保护制度培育本国产业,通过对外贸易开拓国外市场。美国和德国的制度创新更为注重营造稳定的国内政治环境,改革教育和科研制度,进行宏观调控和自由竞争双向调节以实现经济发展。当前,智能制造成为第三次产业革命的核心组成部分。在该次产业革命中,信息管理制度、社会分工制度、企业现代管理制度不断创新,推动信息技术不断发展;工业互联网、智能生产、智能产品的快速发展与管理制度创新、生产制度创新、产品转化制度创新紧密联系。我国跟紧该次产业革命潮流,进行基础网络系统建设为智能制造业制度创新提供前提条件;推进智能生产和产品创新,倒逼生产制度和科技产品转化制度变革;更为重视用户产品体验,为理念创新铺路。我国智能制造尚且处于初期发展阶段,根据现实发展矛盾和未来经济走向,笔者对我国智能制造的制度创新提出相关建议。智能制造要求我国重视自主创新,构建有利于智能制造的制度环境。这要做到以劳动者脑力劳动的质量和比例提升为核心,推进符合民众利益需求的智能制造创新系统,确立劳动者在智能制造实现过程中的核心地位。智能制造要求我国不断完善市场经济制度,实现智能制造的跨越式发展。这要做到改革行政管理体制,构建与智能制造导向一致的政绩考核机制,推进产权制度改革。智能制造要求我国切实推动科技制度创新,实现智能制造核心技术突破。这要做到构建多维国家创新体系,重视保护国内智能制造企业发展,.注重与国际先进技术的合作交流等。
[Abstract]:So far, there have been three industrial revolutions on a global scale. These include the industrial revolution in Britain, the second industrial revolution led by the United States and Germany, and the third industrial revolution now taking place at the core of intelligent manufacturing. The occurrence and development of each industrial revolution is closely related to institutional innovation, which provides support for the smooth development of industrial revolution. In the first industrial revolution-Industrial Revolution, Britain broke down feudal land ownership by means of colonization movement, promoted the formation of capitalist system through liberation movement and encirclement movement, and promoted market economy and free trade system to perfect its own market. During this period, steam-driven liberation of manpower provided the basis for large-scale capitalist production, the technological revolution promoted the reform of the industrial system, and the birth of the modern factory promoted the innovation of the factory system. Institutional innovation promotes the continuous development of capitalist economy and free competition in Britain, promotes the effective protection of private property, the innovation of patent system and the formation of efficient market mechanism. However, after the Industrial Revolution, institutional innovation in the United Kingdom has stagnated, which is reflected in the decline in the innovation of government industry-oriented policies, the outflow of capital from the laissez-faire free trade system and the hindrance of the development of domestic property rights protection system. The United States and Germany seize the opportunity through institutional innovation, attach importance to independent innovation on the theoretical level, implement the trade protection system to cultivate domestic industries, and open up foreign markets through foreign trade. The system innovation in the United States and Germany pays more attention to creating a stable domestic political environment, reforming the educational and scientific research system, and carrying out two-way regulation of macro-control and free competition in order to achieve economic development. At present, intelligent manufacturing has become the core component of the third industrial revolution. In this industrial revolution, the information management system, the social division of labor system, the enterprise modern management system continuously innovates, promotes the information technology unceasing development; Industrial Internet, intelligent production, rapid development of intelligent products and management system innovation, production system innovation, product transformation system innovation are closely related. Our country follows the trend of this industrial revolution, carries on the basic network system construction to provide the precondition for the intelligent manufacturing industry system innovation, promotes the intelligent production and the product innovation, forces the production system and the science and technology product transformation system reform; More emphasis on the user product experience, for the concept of innovation paving the way. China's intelligent manufacturing is still in the initial stage of development. According to the contradiction of the actual development and the future economic trend, the author puts forward some suggestions on the system innovation of the intelligent manufacturing in China. Intelligent manufacturing requires our country to attach importance to independent innovation and build an institutional environment conducive to intelligent manufacturing. It is necessary to take the quality and proportion of workers' mental labor as the core, promote the intelligent manufacturing innovation system which accords with the needs of the people, and establish the core position of the labourers in the process of intelligent manufacturing. Intelligent manufacturing requires our country to improve the market economy system and realize the leap-forward development of intelligent manufacturing. It is necessary to reform the administrative management system, construct a political achievement appraisal mechanism consistent with the intelligent manufacturing direction, and promote the reform of the property right system. Intelligent manufacturing requires our country to promote the innovation of science and technology system and realize the breakthrough of intelligent manufacturing core technology. This should build multi-dimensional national innovation system, attach importance to protecting the development of domestic intelligent manufacturing enterprises. Pay attention to the cooperation and exchange with the international advanced technology, etc.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F424

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