价值工程在污水处理工艺方案优选中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 01:35

本文关键词：价值工程在污水处理工艺方案优选中的应用研究　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国水资源污染严重,大力兴建污水处理厂是解决这一问题的行之有效的方法。污水处理工艺的选择对于污水处理厂的建设方案起到极为重要的作用,它影响着污水处理厂的投资规模、运行费用、出水效果、操作管理等方面。但是,我国的污水处理工艺的比选还处于一种比较初级的阶段,评选人员往往凭借对于各种方案的主观性认识进行打分,评选具有很大的随意性。在选择方案时会主动的倾向于自己所喜爱的方案,而有可能忽略了该方案的缺点,达不到选择方案的公平性。所以污水处理工艺的选择需综合考虑各种工艺处理方案的管理、经济、技术等方面优势,是由众多相互关联、相互影响的因素所构成的一个复杂系统,很难用某个单一的目标函数来进行评价。如何采用科学的方法对污水处理工艺方案进行优选是一个需要迫切解决的问题。价值工程是以最少的成本换取所需的功能为基本思想,以提高工业企业经济效益为目标,是从合理利用资源开始发展起来一门软科学技术,从技术和经济角度两者相结合来研究如何改进产品,系统或服务的价值,降低成本以取得良好的经济效益,是一个寻求最佳的技术经济效益现实有效方法或者说是技术理论。层次分析法按“总目标、各层子目标、评价准则到具体的备选方案的次序将决策问题划分为不同的层次结构,再用求解判断矩阵特征向量的方法算出每一层次各元素对上一层次某元素的优先权重,备选方案对总目标的最终权重采用加权和的方法递阶归算出权重最大者,即为最优方案”。价值工程的核心是功能评价,在进行功能分析时打分容易受主观性和随意性干扰,层次分析法采用了实对称判断矩阵计算每一个因素的权值,并进行一致性检查,能够很好的杜绝打分的随意性,弥补了以往凭经验进行方案优选的缺陷。本文充分考虑了在进行处理污水方面工艺一般特征,运用了层次分析的方法以及价值工程的处理方案,并对方案进行对比选择最佳方案来研究。首先,污水处理工艺的选择关系到污水厂的投资规模、运行、管理等方面,因此,对于污水厂的建设来说,方案的选择主要是污水处理工艺的选择。其次,根据污水处理工艺的特点以及污水处理的工艺选择原则,结合选择能够对在选择污水处理的方案方面的影响要素,从而对污水处理工艺的评价体系进行了构建。最后,利用价值工程和层次分析法相结合的功能层次模型,在分析和评价方案时,能够给出定性和定量分析,克服了方案选择的随意性,能够很好的对方案进行评价。
[Abstract]:The serious pollution of water resources in China, the construction of sewage treatment plant is an effective way to solve this problem. The choice of sewage treatment process plays an extremely important role in the construction of sewage treatment plant. It affects the investment scale, operation cost, effluent effect and operation management of sewage treatment plant. However, the comparison and selection of sewage treatment process in China is still in a relatively primary stage. Judges often rely on the subjective understanding of a variety of options to score, the selection has a lot of randomness. In the choice of the scheme will be actively inclined to their favorite scheme. The disadvantages of the scheme may be ignored and the fairness of the alternative can not be achieved. Therefore, the selection of wastewater treatment process should consider the advantages of management, economy, technology and so on. It is a complex system composed of many interrelated and influencing factors. It is difficult to evaluate with a single objective function. How to select the wastewater treatment process plan by scientific method is an urgent problem to be solved. The value engineering is to exchange the required work with the least cost. Can be the basic idea. In order to improve the economic benefit of industrial enterprises, it is to develop a soft science and technology from the rational use of resources, and to study how to improve the value of products, systems or services from the point of view of technology and economy. Reducing the cost to obtain good economic benefits is a practical and effective way to seek the best technical and economic benefits, or technical theory. The Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is based on the "general objectives, sub-objectives of each layer". The order of evaluation criteria to specific alternatives divides the decision problem into different hierarchies, and then calculates the priority of each element at each level to a certain element at the previous level by solving the eigenvector of the judgment matrix. The method of weighted sum is adopted to calculate the weight of the final weight of the total objective. The most weighted scheme is the optimal scheme ". The core of value engineering is function evaluation. In the functional analysis, it is easy to be subject to subjective and random interference. AHP uses the real symmetric judgment matrix to calculate the weight of each factor and check the consistency. It can eliminate the randomness of scoring, and make up for the shortcomings of the previous scheme selection based on experience. In this paper, the general characteristics of sewage treatment process are fully considered. The method of AHP and the treatment scheme of value engineering are used, and the best scheme is compared and selected. Firstly, the choice of sewage treatment process is related to the investment scale and operation of sewage treatment plant. Therefore, for the construction of sewage treatment plant, the choice of scheme is mainly the choice of sewage treatment process. Secondly, according to the characteristics of wastewater treatment process and the principle of process selection of sewage treatment. Combined with the selection of sewage treatment options in the selection of factors, thus the sewage treatment process evaluation system was constructed. Finally. By using the function hierarchy model which combines value engineering and analytic hierarchy process, the qualitative and quantitative analysis can be given in the analysis and evaluation of the scheme, which overcomes the randomness of the scheme selection and can be well evaluated.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992.3

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