社区绿色基础设施生态评估指标研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 01:02

本文关键词： 绿色基础设施评估社区绿色基础设施生态评估指标　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对我国城市资源短缺、生态污染严重这一严峻形势,生态文明建设作为我国一项战略决策被写入新的五年计划中。而绿色基础设施建设是构建城市生态文明的重要组成部分。目前我国绿色基础设施评估相关研究主要集中在区域尺度,社区尺度的研究起步较晚,量化评估并不全面,所涉及的量化指标数量少,涵盖范围窄。已有量化指标主要以绿地率、人均公共绿地面积以及公共绿地内的乔灌比例这3类为核心,忽略了绿色基础设施的生态特性。基于此,本文针对我国当前社区绿色基础设施评估不足,评估手段缺失等问题,通过国内外文献梳理,得到初步指标集合。再依托调研问卷对指标集合进行筛选,依据生态学原理对指标进行重分类。最后,以哈尔滨市秋林地区为例,通过规划前后秋林地区得分情况的对比,进行指标的校核与检测。通过研究国内外相关文献、法规等,选出国内外认可度高且具有权威性的评估体系共9个,国外主要是实际项目推广体系,国内则是国家颁布的法规。对这9个评估体系中的指标依据频度、重要程度和与社区绿色基础设施生态评估的相关性等原则进行指标筛选,初步得到35个评估指标。为了提高评估指标的准确性与完整性,采用调研问卷的形式,对指标进行筛选。受访人群主要是规划设计师、景观生态学专家和不同生态环境住区内的使用者。通过受访人群的反馈意见,对上述35个评估指标,从不同角度分析筛选,最终剩余21个评估指标。通过研究景观生态学、生态安全格局、景观异质性、生态绩效以及社会学等与绿色基础设施生态评估指标分类相关理论,一一对应上述21个指标,解读指标的深层含义。并依此,从安全格局和生态绩效两方面对指标进行重分类。安全格局类是从廊道、斑块及网络特性3个角度反映绿色基础设施生态特性的;而生态绩效则是通过量化绿色基础设施,指导规划的。再依据指标的具体类别得分情况,有针对性的对社区绿色基础设施进行规划与完善。本文通过研究建立了一个针对社区绿色基础设施生态评估指标的定量化评估方法,从不同角度考虑社区生态环境所需,为我国社区绿色基础设施生态规划与设计提供依据。该指标完善了以往社区规划中欠缺的部分,为我国城市生态环境建设提供参照标准,使我国在今后的社区生态规划设计过程中,可参照此评估指标,指导社区生态建设,促进我国城市的生态可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In view of our country city resources shortage, ecological pollution of this grim situation, the construction of ecological civilization is written as a new strategic decision in the five year plan. And green infrastructure construction is an important part of the construction of city ecological civilization. The green foundation of our facilities evaluation research mainly focused on the regional scale and the scale of community research started late, the quantitative evaluation is not comprehensive, quantitative indicators of quantity, scope is narrow. Quantitative indicators has been mainly to green rate, the per capita public green area and public green space in the proportion of the 3 kinds of shrubs as the core, ignoring the ecological characteristics of green infrastructure. Based on this, this paper in view of the current community green infrastructure assessment, assessment of lack of means, through the domestic and foreign literatures, the preliminary index set. Then relying on the questionnaire of index The set of screening indexes based on re classification of the principle of ecology. Finally, taking Harbin Qiulin area as an example, by comparing the scores before and after the planning Qiulin area, check and inspection index. Through the study of related literature at home and abroad, and regulations at home and abroad, choose the high degree of approval and authoritative evaluation system 9, the main foreign is the actual project promotion system, China is the country of law. According to the 9 frequency index in the evaluation system, index screening and degree of importance evaluation and community green infrastructure ecological relevance principle, 35 evaluation indexes obtained. In order to improve the accuracy and completeness of the evaluation index the use of research questionnaire of index screening. The surveyed population is mainly urban designers, landscape ecology and ecological environment of settlements of different experts within the user. By the feedback of the people, the 35 evaluation indexes from different angles of analysis and screening, the final remaining 21 evaluation indexes. Through the study of landscape ecology, ecological security pattern, landscape heterogeneity, ecological performance and sociology and green infrastructure ecological evaluation index classification theory, corresponding to the above 21 indicators the deep meaning, interpretation of indicators. And then, re classified from the security pattern and ecological performance index. The two aspects of security pattern is from the corridor, 3 angles of plaque and network characteristics reflect green infrastructure and ecological characteristics; and ecological performance is quantified through green infrastructure planning. On the basis of the specific category score index, targeted to the community of green infrastructure and perfect planning. This paper established a community green infrastructure for ecological assessment The method of quantitative assessment index, required from different perspectives to consider the community ecological environment, provide the basis for our country community green infrastructure, ecological planning and design. The index improved the previous lack of community planning in part, to provide a reference standard for the construction of the ecological environment of city of our country, make our country in the community ecological planning and design process in the future, can refer to this evaluation index, guide the construction of community ecology, promote ecological sustainable development of our city.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.125

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