设置黏滞阻尼器的石化钢结构减震分析与设计

发布时间：2018-02-02 17:20

本文关键词： 黏滞阻尼器耗能减震抗震设计石化钢结构地震作用　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是地震多发的国家,很多石化企业的炼油厂处在七度及以上地震区。地震所导致的石化结构破坏,不但会给石油化工企业造成较大的直接经济损失,而且会引发次生灾害,如火灾、爆炸、水源污染等。为减轻地震破坏,炼油厂都采用钢结构。但历次震害表明,强烈地震仍给石化钢结构造成了一定的破坏,其间接损失约为直接损失的10倍左右,甚至更高。随着石油工业的发展,石化钢结构的防震减灾已经成为一项重要的研究课题。现有的抗震设计实质上是“硬抗”的思路,虽然,在小震和中震情况下能保证结构安全,但是,在大震下很难确保石化结构中设备和仪器的安全。耗能减震属于结构控制领域中的一种有效方法,通过设置阻尼器来耗散地震能量,能减少对钢结构主体的破坏。本文对黏滞阻尼器在石化钢结构中的减震设计开展了研究,主要内容和成果如下：1.对石化钢结构现有的抗震设计方法进行总结,讨论了在石化钢结构设计中引入耗能减震装置的必要性。2.以某大型炼油厂重整装置反应器钢框架为算例,基于通用有限元软件SAP2000,建立钢构架的数值模型,就黏滞阻尼器的连接方式、安装位置、数量和力学参数等因素对石化钢结构减震性能的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明,(1)人字型连接方式的减震效果要优于其它两种连接方式；(2)黏滞阻尼器应该沿结构竖向均匀布置,也可以根据生产工艺适当调整；(3)黏滞阻尼器所在楼层剪力和层间位移角会随阻尼器数量增加而减小,但当阻尼器达到一定数量后,其减小幅度不大；(4)黏滞阻尼器阻尼系数的变化比速度指数的变化对减震效果的影响更加显著,耗能减震设计中尽量采用大阻尼系数、小速度指数的阻尼器。3.基于上述研究,提出了设置黏滞阻尼器的石化钢结构减震设计方法,并以某炼油厂催化汽油精制装置再生器附属钢构架为算例,进行试设计和分析,验证了本文提出的减震设计方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:China is an earthquake-prone country, many refineries of petrochemical enterprises are located in the earthquake area of 7 degree or above. The destruction of petrochemical structure caused by the earthquake will not only cause great direct economic losses to petrochemical enterprises. And it will cause secondary disasters, such as fire, explosion, water pollution and so on. In order to reduce the earthquake damage, refineries adopt steel structure, but the previous earthquake damage shows that the strong earthquake still caused some damage to the petrochemical steel structure. The indirect loss is about 10 times of the direct loss, or even higher, with the development of the petroleum industry. Earthquake prevention and mitigation of petrochemical steel structures has become an important research topic. In fact, the existing seismic design is a "hard resistance" idea, although in the case of small and moderate earthquakes, the structure can be guaranteed to be safe. It is difficult to ensure the safety of equipment and instruments in petrochemical structures under large earthquakes. Energy dissipation and damping is an effective method in the field of structural control, which dissipates seismic energy by setting dampers. It can reduce the damage to the main body of steel structure. In this paper, the damping design of viscous damper in petrochemical steel structure is studied. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. Summarize the existing seismic design methods of petrochemical steel structures. The necessity of introducing energy dissipation shock absorber in the design of petrochemical steel structure is discussed. Taking the steel frame of a reforming reactor in a large refinery as an example, based on the general finite element software SAP2000. The numerical model of steel frame is established, and the influence of the connection mode, installation position, quantity and mechanical parameters of viscous damper on the vibration absorption performance of petrochemical steel structure is analyzed. 1) the damping effect of the herringbone connection is better than the other two. (2) viscous dampers should be arranged uniformly along the vertical direction of the structure and can also be adjusted appropriately according to the production process; 3) the shear force and the displacement angle between the floors of the viscous dampers will decrease with the increase of the number of dampers, but when the number of dampers reaches a certain number, the extent of the decrease will be small. (4) the change of damping coefficient of viscous damper is more significant than that of velocity index. Based on the above research, a design method for vibration absorption of petrochemical steel structures with viscous dampers is proposed, and an example of the steel frame attached to the regenerator of a refinery catalytic gasoline refining unit is taken as an example. The feasibility of the design method proposed in this paper is verified by the experimental design and analysis.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU352.1

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