棉花异性纤维识别与计量设备研制

发布时间：2018-01-01 13:45

本文关键词：棉花异性纤维识别与计量设备研制　出处：《山东农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对包裹在棉包中的异性纤维进行检测与计量存在的难题，本文以皮棉开松设备和皮棉异性纤维检测、识别设备为重点研究对象，利用机械学、光学、电学、气力输送技术、机器视觉技术等，研究了基于气流传送的棉花异性纤维识别计量系统；该系统共分为棉料传送系统、开松系统、检测计量系统、集料系统和电气系统等五大部分。具体如下： (1)棉料输送系统的设计与实现。异性纤维包裹在打包皮棉中，皮棉在送入主开松系统之前需要进行预开松与传送。该系统主要包括进料槽、棉料传送机构、动力与调速装置3部分。经试验该部分能够良好实现皮棉预开松与棉料传送功能。 (2)皮棉开松系统的设计与实现。为对包裹在棉包中的异性纤维进行准确的检测与计量，需首先对打包皮棉进行充分开松，因此设计了皮棉开松系统，该系统主要包括上开松壳、下开松壳、开松辊、动力与调速装置4部分。通过试验表明，该系统能够将皮棉充分开松，开松后皮棉为雪花状，包裹在皮棉中的异性纤维充分暴露在表面，为后续检测系统对皮棉中的异性纤维进行准确的检测与计量提供了基础。 (3)检测计量系统的设计与实现。检测计量系统包括“U”型扁方口输棉管道、黑白、彩色双CCD相机、紫外、白光双LED光源、工控机系统、相机视场距离调节机构、可调式LED光源支架、可调式亚光背景板、CCD视场亚克力板固定机构、管道双侧掏棉防堵塞机构。在风机作用下，，待检皮棉经抛料弯道水平进入上部输棉通道，先由彩色高速CCD相机配合白光光源进行线扫描摄取图像，经一次检测后的皮棉沿输棉通道下落转向水平进入下部CCD视场区，由黑白高速CCD相机配合紫外光源进行二次线扫描图像摄取，并通过图像采集卡将图像信号送入工控机进行处理。 (4)集料系统的设计。集料系统由离心风机、“天圆地方”连接管道及集料箱组成。离心风机通过调速，既可以调节梳棉通道内待检皮棉的流速又可通过离心力将检测完成的皮棉甩出。而集料箱正对管道面设活门开小网眼孔、左右上三面开大孔的设计，既确保了风机气流的畅通，又防止了较小的棉絮被吹出，同时整面可取下的活门保证了实验结束后清棉的方便性。 (5)电器系统的设计与实现。电气系统由强电系统与弱电系统两部分构成，其中倾斜传送带速度、开松辊速度、风机转速由三个变频器控制三个相应电机调节，实现无级变速与精确控制。LED光源、CCD相机、各变频器最终由工控机控制实现自动控制与软控制。（6）通过试验，确定了适可将打包皮棉充分开松，且异性纤维保持完好的开松辊与传送带的最佳速度匹配；试验得出，可使检测系统对进行充分的识别与精确计量最适管道风速；最终验证了整套设备的实验效果。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of package detection and measurement in foreign fiber bales, the lint opening equipment and cotton foreign fiber detection, identification equipment as the main object of study, the use of mechanical, optical, electrical, pneumatic conveying technology, machine vision technology, research the air delivery cotton identification metering system based on the system; consists of material delivery system for cotton, opening system, measurement system, aggregate system and electrical system of five parts as follows:
(1) the design and implementation of the cotton conveying system. The fibers wrapped in cotton lint needs to be packaged, pre opening and transfer before sending in the opening system. The system mainly comprises a feeding trough, cotton material transfer mechanism, power and speed regulating device of 3 parts. The parts can achieve good pre opening and lint cotton transfer function.
(2) the design and implementation of the system. For the opening of lint detection and measurement of encapsulated in anisotropic fiber bales accurate, must first fully opening rally bale, so the lint opening system design, this system mainly includes the opening on the shell, under the loose shell, opening roller the 4 part, power and speed control device. The experiment proved that the system can be fully opened lint lint is loose, snowflake, wrapped in the lint fibers fully exposed on the surface, provide a basis for the subsequent detection system detection and accurate measurement of foreign fibers in cotton.
(3) the design and implementation of measurement system. Measurement system includes a "U" type of flat square cotton pipeline, black and white, double color CCD camera, UV light, double LED light source, computer system, camera field of view distance adjusting mechanism, adjustable LED light source bracket, adjustable matte background board. The field of CCD acrylic plate fixing mechanism, anti blocking mechanism of bilateral cut cotton pipeline. Under the action of the fan, detected by throwing lint cotton conveying channel into the upper level curve, the high-speed CCD camera with white light color line scan image, once after the detection of lint cotton conveying channel along the fall into the level of steering the lower part of the CCD field of view, by the black and white high-speed CCD camera with UV light for the two line scan image uptake, and through the image signal is sent into the computer for processing the image acquisition card.
(4) the design of aggregate. The aggregate system consists of centrifugal fan, the "triangle" connecting pipe and a material collecting box. The centrifugal fan through the speed, throw can adjust the carding channel detected lint velocity but also through centrifugal force will detect the completion of the material collecting box is lint. To open a small valve pipe surface with holes, the design holes on three side, both to ensure that the fan air flow, and prevent the small wadding blown out at the same time, the entire surface of the valve to ensure the desirable convenience of cleaning after the end of the experiment.
(5) the design and implementation of electrical system. The electrical system is composed of two parts of the power system and the weak system, the inclined conveyor speed, opening roller speed, fan speed by three inverter control three corresponding motor adjustment, stepless speed change and precise control of.LED light source, CCD camera, the inverter by industrial control machine control to achieve automatic control and soft control.
(6) through the experiment, optimal packing can be fully opened and lint, fibers keep opening the best speed roller and the conveyor belt, intact; test results show that the detection system can make the most suitable for full pipeline speed identification and accurate measurement; finally verified the experimental results of whole set of equipment.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS111.9

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