碳减排视角下的绿色建筑成本效益评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 18:46

本文关键词：碳减排视角下的绿色建筑成本效益评价研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现如今,全球气候变暖和减少碳排放已成为当下社会普遍关心的重大议题。建筑业作为社会三个主要耗能行业之一,同样是CO_2等温室气体的重要来源。同类型的建筑,能耗量差异有时可达几十倍,产生的温室气体排放差距也很明显,可见建筑行业的碳减排潜力很大。从低碳概念的角度出发,绿色建筑的普及和推广势在必行。然而投资者往往只关注眼前利益,只看到绿色建筑初期额外的成本投入,却忽视其良好的环境表现和其带来的长远效益。本文在绿色建筑成本效益评价中引入了碳排放因素,通过突出绿色建筑碳减排量及对CO_2减排价值进行量化,改变了以往效益分析的单一片面性,还原绿色建筑的真实效益。同时在低碳技术的效益评价中注重有无对比法的应用,强调建筑并不是简单的低碳技术和节能设备的堆砌,更应突出其对降低碳排放量的贡献这一环保结果。本文先从建筑全生命期碳排放量角度,对各阶段碳排放来源及影响因素进行分析,强化了建筑生命周期前期包括建材阶段、施工过程的碳排放内容,以此构建绿色建筑碳排放测算模型,为后文减排量计算及效益评价做准备。为了准确核算增量成本和效益,进一步结合低碳技术和绿色建筑评价体系,对绿色建筑常用的低碳技术总结归类,结合建材及各能源消耗等数据清单,为建筑节能减碳计量提供依据。从物质流和能量流的角度分别对碳减排路径进行梳理,把主要碳排放消除环节分为低碳材料使用和低碳建筑技术应用,从水资源电力资源消耗、采暖供热能耗和可再生能源利用等方面,针对节能减排量建立核算模型。最后,基于费用效益分析理论提出了绿色建筑的增量成本的两种核算方法及各自适用条件,并站在投资者角度,从经济效益、减碳效果和碳减排收益三个层面对增量效益进行核定,经济效益为能源节约直接带来资源费用节省,碳减排效益从节水、节电、节能、节材减碳方面分析,在对碳排放交易理念分析基础上,加入CO_2减排价值参数,进而构建绿色建筑的增量成本效益模型。最后将提出的评价方法和模型用于具体的建筑实例进行研究。从绿色建筑出发,以碳减排理念为指导,结合建筑实例,对建筑碳排放进行分析计量,分析绿色建筑的主要碳减排路径,进而研究绿色建筑由于节能低碳技术带来的经济和碳减排效益,使评价结果更加直观定量化,对投资者的绿色决策提供理论依据和实践指导,助力于低碳经济的发展。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the global warming and reduce carbon emissions has become a major issue of common concern of the society. The social construction industry as one of three major energy consuming industries, is also an important source of greenhouse gases such as CO_2. The same type of building energy consumption difference, sometimes up to several times, the gap of greenhouse gas emissions is also obvious. The construction industry carbon emission reduction potential. Starting from low carbon perspective, the popularization and promotion of green building is imperative. However investors tend to focus only on the immediate interests, only to see the green building extra initial cost, but ignore the good environmental performance and the long-term benefits. This paper introduces the carbon emission factors in green building cost benefit evaluation, by highlighting the green building carbon emission reduction and quantify the CO_2 emission value, change the previous single one-sided benefit analysis, To restore the true benefits of green building. At the same time, pay attention to the application of comparative benefit evaluation in low carbon technology, that is not a simple pile of building low carbon technology and energy-saving equipment, should be stressed to reduce carbon emissions contribute to the environmental protection. This thesis starts from the building life cycle carbon emission angle factors of each stage of carbon emission sources and impact analysis, strengthening the building life cycle early stage including building materials, carbon content in the process of construction, in order to construct the model of green building carbon emissions reduction, for the evaluation of displacement calculation and benefit preparation. In order to accurately calculate the incremental costs and benefits, further integration low carbon technology and green building evaluation system of green building and low carbon technology commonly classified according to the materials and energy consumption data list, provide the basis for the construction of energy-saving and carbon reduction measures. From the material flow and energy flow are combing the main path of carbon emissions, carbon emission elimination is divided into low carbon materials and low carbon building technology, consumption of water resources from power resources, heating energy consumption and renewable energy utilization, energy-saving emission reduction for the establishment of accounting model. Finally, cost benefit analysis of the theory put forward two calculation methods of the incremental cost of green buildings and their applicable conditions based on, and stand in the perspective of investors, from the economic efficiency, carbon reduction effect and carbon emission reduction benefits in three aspects of incremental benefit in assessment of economic benefits for saving energy resources directly bring cost savings and benefits of carbon emissions from the water, energy saving, energy saving, material saving and carbon reduction analysis, on carbon emissions trading concept on the basis of the analysis, adding CO_2 value reduction parameters, then construct the incremental cost effectiveness model of green building. The evaluation method and model for the concrete construction examples were studied. From the point of view of green building, the carbon emission reduction concept as guidance, combining with the construction example, analyzed the measurement on the construction of carbon emissions, carbon emission reduction analysis of the main path of green building and green building research, due to low carbon energy technologies and carbon economy the effectiveness of emission reduction, which makes the evaluation results more intuitive and quantitative, provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for green investors, to help the development of low-carbon economy.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU201.5

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