贵州省生态移民就业适应性研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 08:30

本文关键词：贵州省生态移民就业适应性研究　出处：《贵州财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国作为综合国力较强的发展中国家,努力缩小贫富差距是我国长期面临需要攻克的艰巨任务。贵州省作为全国西部贫困地区之一,贫困人口数量、范围、程度非常大,“十三五”时期在国家实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫的政策支持下,实现全部脱贫攻坚、同步小康、确保移民有业可就、稳定脱贫任务极其艰巨。虽然贵州省从2012年就开始实施扶贫生态移民工程,将扶贫与保护生态环境结合,对于迁出地的生态环境恢复效果明显,但对于生态移民后续发展、工程可持续推进方面研究还不够深入。反映这些问题的本质是生态移民的就业状况,因为就业稳定是维持社会发展和人民生活稳定的关键因素,而就业适应性是判断就业是否稳定的重要依据,即就业适应性良好能促进稳定就业,反之则相反。故本文以贵州省生态移民的就业适应性为研究对象,采用理论与实证分析结合的方法对生态移民的就业现状、就业适应性状况及影响就业适应性的因素进行研究,最后为提高生态移民就业适应性提出政策建议。本文实证研究的数据来源于2015年5月贵州财经大学关于贵州省扶贫生态移民工程实施效果的评估调查,调查对象为涉及全省9个市(州)县抽样样本的已搬迁生态移民,统计结果显示:389份有效问卷中有91.8%是自愿搬迁生态移民,有17.5%搬迁后无就业,且在321人已就业的生态移民中有69.8%对就业适应。在整理调查问卷的基础上,本文利用相关数据进行模型分析,作出的相关成果有:(1)关于生态移民的就业适应性状况,本文从个人特征、家庭特征、政策福利、就业环境四个方面分别进行交叉分析,结果显示:性别、文化程度、从事职业、2014年人均纯收入、生产条件等19个变量与就业适应性具有显著相关性,说明这些因素的不同会造成生态移民就业适应性状态的变化。(2)在交叉分析的基础上,运用logistic模型分别进行单因素和多因素的回归分析,最后综合得出有9个因素对就业适应性有显著影响。其中5个因素(从事职业、2014年人均纯收入、土地政策、居住条件、生产条件)在0.05水平下显著,4个因素(文化程度、惠农补贴、农村居民最低生活保障、新型农村社会养老保险)在0.1水平下显著。(3)根据贵州省实际情况并结合实证分析结果,分别从移民、社会及政府三个角度对提高生态移民就业适应性提出政策建议,即:移民自身需要提高文化素养、学习实际有用的专业技能,并且能够利用独特的少数民族文化优势发挥就业潜能;完善生态移民各项社会福利体系,发展特色产业促进经济发展;政府应设立专项就业基金,并为生态移民提供就业扶持与相关就业创业培训等。
[Abstract]:As a developing country with strong comprehensive national strength, China is faced with the arduous task of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor for a long time. Guizhou Province, as one of the poverty-stricken areas in the western part of the country, has a large number and scope of poor people. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, with the support of the government's policy of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty relief, we can achieve all poverty relief and tackle the key problems, synchronize with a well-off society, and ensure that immigrants have a job to do. Although Guizhou Province began to implement the poverty alleviation ecological migration project in 2012, the combination of poverty alleviation and ecological environment protection has obvious effect on ecological environment restoration. However, for the subsequent development of ecological migration, the research on the sustainable development of engineering is not deep enough, which reflects that the nature of these problems is the employment status of ecological migrants. Because the employment stability is the key factor to maintain the social development and the people's life stability, and the employment adaptability is the important basis to judge whether the employment is stable, that is, the good employment adaptability can promote the stable employment. On the contrary, this paper takes the employment adaptability of ecological immigrants in Guizhou Province as the research object, and uses the method of combining theory and empirical analysis to study the employment status of ecological migrants. The employment adaptability and the factors influencing the employment adaptability were studied. Finally, to improve the employment adaptability of ecological migrants put forward policy recommendations. This empirical study data from May 2015 Guizhou University of Finance and Economics on the implementation of poverty alleviation ecological migration project evaluation survey. The subjects of the survey were the relocated ecological migrants who were sampled from 9 cities and counties of the province. The results showed that 91.8% of the 91.8% valid questionnaires were voluntary relocation ecological migrants. There are 17.5% workers who have no employment after relocation, and 69.8% of them are employed. Based on the questionnaire, this paper uses the relevant data to analyze the model. The related results are as follows: (1) on the employment adaptability of ecological migrants, this paper makes a cross-analysis from four aspects: personal characteristics, family characteristics, policy and welfare, and employment environment. The results show that: gender. In 2014, 19 variables, such as education, occupation, per capita net income and production conditions, were significantly correlated with employment adaptability. It shows that the difference of these factors will result in the change of employment adaptability of ecological migrants. (2) on the basis of cross-analysis, the regression analysis of single factor and multi-factor is carried out by using logistic model. Finally, it is concluded that there are 9 factors which have significant influence on employment adaptability. Among them, 5 factors (occupation, per capita net income in 2014, land policy, living conditions). Production conditions were significant at 0.05 level, 4 factors (education level, agricultural subsidies, rural residents' minimum living security). According to the actual situation of Guizhou Province and the empirical analysis results, the new rural social old-age insurance is significant at 0.1 level. Social and government three angles to improve the adaptability of ecological migration employment policy recommendations, namely: immigrants themselves need to improve cultural literacy, learning practical useful professional skills. And can utilize the unique minority culture superiority to exert the employment potential; Perfecting the social welfare system of ecological immigrants and developing characteristic industries to promote economic development; The government should set up special employment fund and provide employment support and relevant employment training for ecological immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.27;D632.4

【参考文献】