中国特殊教育师资培养研究（1978-2016）

发布时间：2018-01-07 20:16

本文关键词：中国特殊教育师资培养研究（1978-2016）　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：十七大以来,特殊教育发展越来越受到党和国家的重视。党的“十七大”提出“关心特殊教育”,十八大报告提出“支持特殊教育”,2015年,党的十八届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》提出“办好特殊教育”,特殊教育发展的目标要求进一步提高。教师是特殊教育发展的核心要素,特殊教育师资培养是促进特殊教育发展水平提高的重要保障和支撑。然而,已有研究表明,当前我国特殊教育的师资还面临数量缺乏、教学能力与经验匮乏、教师资质偏低以及自我效能感不足的发展瓶颈。2012年《关于加强特殊教育教师队伍建设的意见》、2014年《特殊教育提升计划(2014-2016)》等重大政策,把特殊教育师资培养作为支持特殊教育发展的重要环节,对特殊教育教师队伍建设和师资培养提出了新要求。笔者选择“中国特殊教育师资培养”的题目,旨在通过对我国特殊教育师资培养的历程梳理和反思,同时借鉴西方发达国家的经验,来揭示我国特殊教育师资培养存在的问题,提出完善特殊教育师资培养的路径构想。本研究借助大量第一手资料,包括档案资料、政策法规文件、教育统计年鉴、各高校师资培养内部资料等,通过对我国特殊教育师资培养的史料和文献的梳理,对我国改革开放以来,特殊教育师资培养的历史,全面考察并进行了系统分析,研究内容包括以下几个部分。导论部分。说明研究的目的与意义,明确我国特殊教育师资培养的基本内涵和具体研究对象,在总结已有研究成果的基础上,构筑本论文的整体写作框架和基本思路,介绍了基本的研究方法。第一章,中国特殊教育师资培养的兴起与发展。主要探讨了自西学东渐以来至改革开放前期,我国特殊教育师资培养体系的建立,经历了早期的曲折发展,到文革期间的断裂,寻求复兴和稳步发展的进程,我国特殊教育师资培养是如何从早期发展的困窘状况,发展到形成了一些师资培养经验,对特殊教育教师专业化培养,开始了初步的探索。系统分析了我国特殊教育师资发展受自身能力和外界环境等多种因素的影响,揭示了背后推动和制约的原动力。第二章,中国特色的特殊教育师资培养体系的初步形成(1978—1997)。分别从我国特殊教育教育师资培养的政策、法律法规的制定,培养模式的变迁,课程设置的发展等不同维度,分析我国改革开放至上个世纪90年代末,特殊教育师资培养的不同表现形式及成因,阐述这一时期所呈现出的共同特点和基本发展趋向。第三章,中国特殊教育师资培养的深化改革(1998—2016)。本章主要从教师专业发展的角度,探讨从20世纪九十年代末至今,在教育一体化、融合教育、全纳教育开展的背景下,尤其是党的十七大、十八大召开后,特殊教育教师专业化发展的意蕴、所应具备的专业素质以及培养、培训模式和相应的政策建设和实施。本文同时选取了2所部属和2所省属院校为案例,通过对上述学校的培养目标和特殊教育师资培养体系进行文本分析,目的是更加直观地呈现我国这一时期特殊教育师资培养的发展演变过程和基本特点。第四章,中国特殊教育师资培养的历程反思与国外借鉴。对我国特殊教育师资培养历程进行反思,揭示我国特殊教育师资培养的经验和问题,采用比较研究的视角,以美国特殊教育师资培养为镜鉴,分析美国特殊教育师资培养的资格准入制度、质量保障和评价体系,并以美国N大学特殊教育学院为例,从培养目标、培养模式、课程设置等方面进行阐释和分析,总结其对我国特殊教育师资培养改革的借鉴和参考价值。第五章,中国特殊教育师资培养的路径建构。本章具体分析和详细阐述了我国在中西文化交融背景下,特殊教育师资培养从移植走向本土化,吸收与自我发展的结合,中西文化冲突背景下的本土化生长,提出我国特殊教育师资培养发展的新构想:文化觉醒和关怀是中国特教育师资发展的必由之路,特殊教育教师专业水平提高是重点,特殊教育教师职前培养与职后培训一体化是趋势,特殊教育教师资格证书制度构建是基本手段,特殊教育教师教学能力从个体“他主——自主”建构是重要方式。
[Abstract]:Since the 17th, the development of special education more and more attention by the party and the country. The 17th Party Congress put forward the "special care education" Eighteen report "support special education", 2015, the party's the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee through the "CPC Central Committee on national economic and social development in the thirteenth five year plan" proposed "the run of special education, special education development objectives and requirements to further improve. The teacher is the core element of the development of special education, teacher training of special education is to promote the development of special education to improve the level of an important guarantee and support. However, studies have shown that China's current special education teachers also face the shortage of teaching ability and experience. Lack of qualification of teachers is low and the bottleneck of the development of.2012 low self-efficacy in strengthening the team construction of special education teachers' opinions," 2014 Special education enhancement program (2014-2016) > major policy, as an important part of supporting the development of special education teacher training of special education, puts forward new requirements for special education teachers and teacher training. The author chooses "China special education teacher training" problem, designed by the process of review and reflection of special education teachers I in the training, and learn from the experience of western developed countries, to reveal the problems of the cultivation of special education teachers in China, put forward the perfect path concept of teacher training of special education. This study with a large number of first-hand information, including documents, policies and regulations, education statistical yearbook, the university teachers training through the internal data. On the cultivation of special education teachers in China and the historical literature of China's reform and opening up, the special education teachers training history, full investigation and The system analysis, the study includes the following several parts. Introduction. Explains the purpose and significance of the study, the basic connotation of cultivation of special education teachers in China and the specific research object, on the basis of summarizing existing research results, the overall frame of writing and basic idea on the construction of this paper, introduces the basic research methods. Chapter, the rise and development of Chinese special education teacher training. Mainly discusses learning from west east to the early since the reform and opening up, the establishment of the system of training of special education teachers in China, has experienced a tortuous development early, to fracture during the cultural revolution, seeking revival and stable development, cultivation of special education teachers in China is how to from the early development of the embarrassing situation, development to form the experience of some teacher training, training of professional special education teachers, started preliminary exploration. The system of our country. It is influenced by many factors such as their own ability and environmental education teacher development, reveals the driving force behind the promoting and restricting. In the second chapter, Chinese characteristics of special education teachers training system preliminary formation (1978 - 1997). From our teacher training education in special education support policy, formulate laws and regulations. The training mode of change, the development of different dimensions of curriculum, analysis of China's reform and opening up the last century at the end of 90s, the different forms and causes of teacher training of special education, trend of common characteristics of this period described by showing the basic development. In the third chapter, deepen the reform of Chinese special education teacher training (1998 2016). This chapter mainly from the perspective of teachers' professional development, to explore from twentieth Century since the end of the 90s, inclusive education in education integration, inclusive education background, especially the seventeen party Eighteen, held after the special education teachers' professional development connotation, should have the professional quality, training, training mode and corresponding policy development and implementation. This paper also selects 2 subordinates and 2 provincial universities as an example, through text analysis system of training objectives of the school and special education teacher training, is more intuitive to show the development of teacher training of special education during this period China's evolution and basic characteristics. The fourth chapter, Chinese special education teacher training course of reflection and abroad. For special education teachers in China Training Course for reflection, revealing the experience and problems of special education teacher training in China by comparison, research perspective, the American special education teacher training as mirror of American special education teacher training qualification system, quality guarantee and evaluation system, and College of special education in American N University as an example, from the training objectives, training mode, curriculum and other aspects of interpretation and analysis, summarizes the reform reference value cultivation of special education teachers in China. In the fifth chapter, the path of construction Chinese special education teacher training. This chapter analyzes and elaborates our country in the blend of Chinese and Western culture background, from transplantation to the localization of teacher training of special education, self absorption and combination of development, growth and conflict between Chinese and Western culture under the background of localization, the special education teachers in China to develop new ideas: cultural awakening and care China special education teacher development is the only way which must be passed, improve the professional level of special education teachers is the focus of special education teachers in pre training and post training integration is the trend of the special education teachers qualification certificate system construction is the basic means of special education teachers Teaching ability is an important way to construct the individual "his master - autonomy".

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G760

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