基于就业能力视角的我国退役士兵就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 19:34

  本文关键词：基于就业能力视角的我国退役士兵就业问题研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 退役士兵 就业能力 就业安置 职业技能培训 研究

【摘要】：士兵退役安置是指国家依据一定的法律和规定,在士兵退出现役时,对其服役期间的贡献和因退役而导致环境条件变化对生活造成的影响给予资金和相关服务保障,是使之重返并适应社会的一种制度安排。进入二十一世纪以来,由于我国经济体制改革进一步深入,经济形势有了很大变化,原有的安置政策越来越难以维持,退役士兵安置难逐渐成为日趋严重的社会问题。同时,学术界目前的研究成果大都集中于政策及其实施的总结与探讨,相对缺乏研究深度和理论高度；对退役士兵自主就业及职业技能培训方面的研究较为缺乏；很少有对政策相关者进行深入的调查及访谈。因此,其论述和结论缺乏实证支撑和政策实施效果分析。本文从提升就业能力的视角,应用公共产品理论、人力资本收益递增理论、就业能力理论、劳动力市场供求理论及劳动力市场搜寻与匹配理论,研究受社会关注度较少而社会影响力却较大的退役士兵的就业安置存在的问题及其原因,并提出相应的政策建议。具体的研究对象为政府扶持自主就业但不负责安排就业的义务兵和服现役12年以下的士官、既可以选择由政府安排就业也可以选择自主就业的服现役12年以上的士官。就业安置包括两方面的含义,一是由人民政府安排工作,二是在地方政府扶持下领取一次性经济补助金后选择自主就业。本文就所进行的问卷调查结果进行了实证分析,包括一般的描述性分析和基于统计的假设检验、最小二乘回归等手段的深入分析。通过从结果中提取的退役士兵对就业的主观认知指标及客观能力指标进行其特征和相互关系的研究。实证分析发现,退役士兵除对就业的信心水平以外,其它所有的指标都受到少量因素影响或影响因素中存在主导因素；士兵的各项客观能力指标之间具有更易于观测的相互联动关系；士兵的主观认知和客观能力方面均存在显著的个体差异,但前者相互不影响而后者相互影响；士兵对自己专业技能的自信程度较其他主客观指标明显偏低,且不易受到其他指标的影响；士兵的主观认知和客观能力之间具有潜在的相互联动关系。本文的实证分析,显示了退役士兵的就业关心程度、就业需求、对提升就业能力的路径选择,以及自身能力所呈现的特点。在上述分析及查阅相关资料的基础上,本文分析了退役士兵就业安置中存在的问题及其原因。存在的问题主要包括：退役士兵自身就业能力与其对就业的认识不匹配、职业技能培训与就业能力提升不匹配、原有军事领域技能与市场需求不匹配；管理机构分散,缺乏统一的决策协调机构、安置主体服务欠缺,退役士兵就业积极性不高；地方政府承担的责任大于中央政府、欠发达地区承担的责任大于发达地区、国有单位承担的责任大于非国有单位；退役金基本标准偏低,服役环境差异体现不够、地方一次性经济补助不合理,补助依据不规范；针对退役士兵安置的法律缺失,法规位阶低、法律法规时滞明显、表述缺乏针对性、安置政策与户籍制度改革不协调等。存在上述问题的主要原因包括：退役士兵高估了自身的就业能力；职业技能培训缺位或不到位；军人劳动的特殊性以及存在较高的职业转换成本；计划经济时期划定的管理权限与市场经济改革各方权利主体的利益多元化；政府对社会资源进行全面的垄断性控制；中央与地方财政负担激励调节机制不尽合理；区域经济发展不均衡；国有单位承担就业安置责任的单一化延续；对经济形势的变化估计不足、管理相对僵化；我国长期以来法制建设滞后,且社会在不停地变化,法律及配套措施只能在不断地完善,而完善需要一个过程。为了扩展研究思路,本文研究了美国、英国、俄罗斯、印度、意大利、澳大利亚、韩国等国对退役军人的职业培训和就业促进措施,总结了其可借鉴之处,即设立专门机构负责退役军人的就业工作；拥有与时俱进的、系统全面、高度可操作性的促进就业的法律法规体系；具有方式灵活、形式多样、各具特色的教育援助与职业技能培训；把可持续发展作为退役军人职业技能培训的着眼点等。最后,本文提出了提升退役士兵就业能力、促进就业的政策建议。即保持军事人力资本,对口匹配就业；重视职业培训宣传,平稳实现角色转变；开展全方位的职业技能培训,提高就业能力；理顺就业安置主体之间的关系；与经济发展相协调,改善经济补偿制度；完善法律法规体系,强化就业管理与服务等。本文在对口匹配就业、“定制化”职业技能培训、建立过渡性就业安置基地、设立全国退役军人安置管理总局、出台《退役军人安置法》等方面做了一些尝试。
[Abstract]:The placement of retired soldiers refers to the state according to certain laws and regulations, the demobilized soldiers, the contribution from the retirement service period and resulting effects of the environmental conditions of life caused by funding and related services, is to return to a system arrangement and adapt to the society. Since the beginning of twenty-first Century, due to the further deepening the reform of economic system, the economic situation has greatly changed, the original placement policy more and more difficult to maintain, difficult resettlement of demobilized soldiers has gradually become increasingly serious social problems. At the same time, research and Discussion on the results of the present academic circles mostly focus on the policy and the implementation of the summary, research depth and the relative lack of lack of theoretical level; Study on self employment of retired soldiers and occupation skill training; there are few of policy related investigations and in-depth interviews. Therefore, the Discussion and conclusion the lack of empirical analysis of the effect of support and policy. From the employability perspective, using the theory of public goods, the theory of increasing human capital income, employment ability theory, the labor market supply and demand theory and the labor market search and matching theory, the research of social concern and less social influence is larger the employment of retired soldiers for the existing problems and their causes, and put forward the corresponding policy suggestions. The specific research object for the government to support the independent employment but is not responsible for the placement of conscripts and the following 12 years of active duty officers, can choose employment arrangements by the government can choose self employment service for more than 12 years of employment including two non commissioned officers. In terms of meaning, one is by the people's government work arrangements, two is in the local government support for one-time financial grants after choose it This paper based on the questionnaire survey. The results of the empirical analysis, including descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing based on the in-depth analysis of least squares regression methods. The results of extraction from retired soldiers subjective cognition and objective indicators of employment to study its characteristics and force index of the relationship between empirical. The analysis found that, except for the employment of retired soldiers confidence level, all other indicators have a few factors influence factors are dominant factors; with linkage relationships more easily between the objective observation ability index of soldiers; the soldiers on the subjective cognition and objective ability are significant differences, but the former is mutual while the latter does not affect the interaction of soldiers; the level of self-confidence in their professional skills than other subjective and objective indicators is obviously low, and not susceptible to To influence other indicators; with mutual interaction potential relationships between subjective and objective cognitive ability of soldiers. The empirical analysis shows that the employment of retired soldiers, degree of care, employment needs, choose the path to improve the capability of the employment characteristics, and their ability is presented. In the above analysis and inspection on the basis of relevant information in this paper, analyzes the existing employment and resettlement of demobilized soldiers. The problems and reasons of the problems mainly include: self employment of retired soldiers and their ability of employment awareness does not match the occupation skill training and employment ability does not match the original military skills do not match market demand; management mechanism of dispersion, lack of a unified coordination mechanism of decision making the main resettlement, lack of service, the employment of retired soldiers enthusiasm is not high; the responsibility of local government is greater than the central government, underdeveloped areas to bear The responsibility is bigger than the developed regions, the responsibility of state-owned units than non state-owned units; low retirement pension basic standards, service environment difference is not enough, the local one-time economy allowance subsidy basis is not unreasonable, lack of legal norms; for the resettlement of demobilized soldiers, and low rank, laws and regulations lag significantly, expressed a lack of pertinence, placement the policy and the reform of the household registration system is not harmonious. Including the main causes of the above-mentioned problems are: retired soldiers overestimate their own employment ability; lack of occupation skill training; military labor particularity and the existence of occupation the higher the conversion cost; the planned economy period designated by the management authority and the market economy reform and the interests of all subjects of rights diversification; government monopoly control of the social resources; the central and local fiscal burden incentive adjustment mechanism is not reasonable The unbalanced development of regional economy;; state-owned units bear a single job placement responsibility continuation of the economic situation changes; estimation, management is relatively rigid; China's long-term legal system is lagging behind, and social change constantly, only laws and supporting measures to improve constantly, and improve a process in order to expand the research ideas, this paper study on the United States, Britain, Russia, India, Italy, Australia, occupation training and employment of retired soldiers of South Korea and other countries to promote measures, summed up the lessons, namely the establishment of specialized agencies responsible for the employment of retired soldiers; with times, systematic and comprehensive, highly actionable the employment promotion law system; with flexible and diverse forms, distinctive education aid and occupation skill training; the sustainable development for the veterans job Industry skills training focus. Finally, this paper puts forward to promote the employment of retired soldiers, employment promotion policy recommendations. That is to maintain military human capital, occupation training, employment counterparts; pay attention to publicity, smoothly realize the role; to carry out a full range of occupation skill training, improve the employability of job placement; straighten out the relationship between subjects; coordinate with economic development, improve the economic compensation system; improve the legal system, strengthen employment management and services. In this paper, the counterpart employment, "customized" occupation skill training, the establishment of transitional employment base, the establishment of the National Veterans resettlement management administration, the introduction of "veterans placement law" has been made try.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：E263
，

本文编号：1402376