毛乌素沙地气候变化对参考作物蒸散量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-12 16:22

本文关键词：毛乌素沙地气候变化对参考作物蒸散量的影响　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,毛乌素沙地气候变化显著,对该地区水资源的开发利用、经济建设及农业种植产生较大的影响。研究毛乌素沙地气候变化对参考作物蒸散量(ET0)的影响,可为该区作物所需水量研究提供科学性依据,为实现合理开发利用水资源、进行高效管理提供参考,为其农牧业产业结构调整、灌溉农业发展模式、农作制度制定、生态环境建设的有效模式等科学和生产实际问题起指导作用,从而更好地为该区经济建设服务。本文经查阅相关文献,采用中国气象科学数据共享服务网上的相关气象数据,采用FAO56 Penman-Monteith公式,计算毛乌素沙地各时段的ET0。利用1959~2013年共55年毛乌素沙地范围内榆林、横山、盐池、鄂托克旗及周边的东胜共5个气象站的逐日气象资料,运用数理统计方法、Mann-Kendall趋势分析法及距平值等分析毛乌素沙地各气象要素和ET0各月及全年的时间变化趋势及变动幅度;利用1981~2010年共30年的以上5个及定边、靖边、神木、伊金霍洛旗共9个气象站的逐日气象资料,运用ArcGIS软件进行空间插值,对毛乌素沙地年尺度的各气象要素和ET0的空间分布及变动幅度进行分析;利用敏感性分析和干旱指数分析找出影响ET0变化的主要气象要素,并预测影响程度。研究结果表明:(1)毛乌素沙地的气候总体呈现暖干化。气温在1986年出现突增现象;水汽压在1971出现突减现象,2001年出现突增现象;其余气象因素不存在突变。(2)毛乌素沙地的不同气象要素在空间分布上存在差异。降水、气温、相对湿度、水汽压大致由东南向西北递减,风速由东北向西南递增,日照时数由东南向西北递增;变动幅度:降水从东北到西南递减,平均气温在东北部较大,在中南部的较小,风速大致由西北向东南递减,相对湿度在中南部较大,在西北部较小。日照时数在中东部较大,在东北和西南部较小。(3)近55年的ET0总体呈下降趋势。空间上由西南向东北递减,变化幅度由西北向东南递减。ET0的年值在887.22~1092.28mm之间,平均为1011.30mm。最大值出现在6月,平均为5.24mm;最小值出现在12月,平均为0.66mm。(4)不同气象要素在不同时段对ET0的影响程度存在差异。相对湿度、水汽压对ET0的影响较大;气温的影响很小;日照时数、风速的影响居中,日照时数在4-9月对ET0的影响大于风速相对湿度对ET0的影响最大,并且是反向影响。ET0的数值及变化率随气温、相对湿度的升高而减小,随风速、水汽压、日照时数的增大而增大。干旱指数在1959-2013年期间总体呈现“上升-平缓-下降”的趋势。
[Abstract]:In recent years, significant climate change in Maowusu sandy land, development and utilization of water resources in this area, affect the construction and agricultural economy. Research in Maowusu sandy land of climate change on reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) effects for the crop water required to provide scientific basis for research, in order to realize the rational development and utilization water resources, provide a reference for efficient management, the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture and animal husbandry, agricultural irrigation farming system development, development mode, effective mode of scientific and practical problems of ecological environment construction plays a guiding role, so as to better serve the economic construction of the district service. By consulting relevant literature, the relevant meteorological data sharing service the Internet using meteorological data Chinese, using FAO56 Penman-Monteith formula, calculation of each period of ET0. in Maowusu sandy land by 1959~2013 55 years in sandy hair range Yulin, Hengshan, Yanchi, Otog banner and surrounding the Dongsheng a total of 5 meteorological stations daily meteorological data, using statistical method, trend analysis method and Mann-Kendall anomaly analysis of the meteorological factors in Maowusu Sandy Land and ET0 each month and year time trends and changes in the use of 1981~2010; a total of 30 years of above 5 and Shenmu, Jingbian, Dingbian, Yijinhuoluo a total of 9 meteorological stations in the daily meteorological data were interpolated by ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution and variation of the meteorological elements and ET0 of Maowusu sandland years scale analysis; analysis of main meteorological factors affecting the change of ET0 using sensitivity analysis and drought index, and forecast the degree of influence. The results show that: (1) in the Maowusu sandy land overall climate was warmer and drier. The temperature surge phenomenon appeared in 1986; in 1971 the vapor pressure of anticlimax, 2001 Spurt phenomenon; other meteorological factors there is no mutation. (2) different meteorological factors in Maowusu sandy land exists in the spatial distribution difference. Precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure is decreasing from southeast to northwest from northeast to southwest, the wind speed increases, the sunshine hours from the southeast to the northwest in increasing fluctuation of precipitation; from the northeast to the southwest of decline, the average temperature in the northeast of the larger, smaller in the south, the wind speed generally decreases from northwest to Southeast, the relative humidity in the south, in the northwest is smaller. Sunshine in the East is large, in the northeast and southwest small. (3) ET0 showed nearly 55 years decreased. Space decreasing from southwest to northeast, amplitude decreasing from northwest to southeast of.ET0 years in value between 887.22~1092.28mm, the average is 1011.30mm. the maximum value in June, the average is 5.24mm; the minimum value in December, the average 0.66mm. (4 Different meteorological factors existing in) the influence degree of different periods of ET0. The differences of relative humidity, water vapor pressure has great influence on the ET0; the impact of temperature is very small; sunshine duration, wind speed in effects of sunshine duration in 4-9 month's effect on ET0 is greater than the wind speed relative humidity on the impact of ET0 and is the largest. The reverse effect of numerical and change rate of.ET0 increased with the temperature, humidity and wind speed, relative decrease, water vapor pressure, increase of sunshine hours increased. The drought index in the period 1959-2013 showing an overall rise flat down "trend.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S161.4

【参考文献】