经济新常态下的湖北荆州小微企业金融支持研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 13:38

本文关键词：经济新常态下的湖北荆州小微企业金融支持研究　出处：《长江大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十年,中国经济主要依靠出口和投资拉动,以年平均接近两位数的高速度增长创造了世界经济史上的“中国奇迹”,这是中国经济过去的一种常态,即旧常态。自2008年金融危机以来,世界经济形势发生了错综复杂的变化,国内经济也面临着增长速度换挡、经济结构调整、前期刺激政策消化等挑战,呈现出与过去所不同的新常态,即重在强调高效率、低成本、可持续。新常态之所以为“新”,意味着不同以往；之所以为“常”,意味着相对稳定。与过去三十年的发展阶段相比,新常态的特征主要表现在经济发展速度换挡、经济发展理念更新、经济发展结构优化升级、经济发展新动力初现等方面,通过深化改革、调整结构和转变方式来谋求经济发展。数量众多的小微企业是解决社会就业的主力军和经济发展的重要推动力量。特别是改革开放三十年,小微企业盘活了商品消费市场、便利了广大群众的生产生活,构成了我国县域经济的主体,更是成为吸引就业的主渠道,对经济社会的发展作出了巨大的贡献。然而,在当前新常态背景下,受当前经济下行形势影响,小微企业由于自身规模偏小,在激烈的市场竞争中抗风险能力明显偏弱,生产经营压力明显加大,加之银行普遍采取的“抓大放小”策略,使其生存难、融资难问题突出。对此,中共十八届三中全会关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定特别提出：“发展普惠金融,鼓励金融创新,丰富金融市场层次和产品。”各级政府部门出台了一系列扶持政策措施,如：采取财政补贴、贷款贴息和税收优惠等措施,将改善小微企业金融服务作为实现普惠金融的重要途径,并取得了积极的成效。荆州市作为湖北省的农业大市,全市4万多家小微企业是荆州经济发展的重要增长极。近年来,荆州市政府陆续制定多项扶持政策措施,为小微企业的生存、发展创造了宽松和谐的融资环境。但在新常态背景下,我国经济下行压力较大,结构调整阵痛显现,改革进入攻坚阶段,小微企业受自身条件所限导致生产经营压力较大。加之许多金融机构为避免形成金融风险,对小微企业不愿贷,也不敢贷,小微企业融资难问题已成为制约其生存和发展的最大障碍。广大荆州市小微企业怎样适应经济新常态大环境解决融资难的问题,是目前所需要关注的问题。笔者通过对经济新常态下荆州小微企业金融支持影响因素的理论分析,确定可能的影响因素,设计成调查问卷。通过发放问卷的方式收集相关资料。本研究所设计的问卷,是对国内外涉及小微企业金融支持影响因素的研究成果进行总结,并进一步结合荆州市小微企业的发展实际而进行设计的。笔者通过对问卷的统计和分析,了解荆州市小微企业金融支持影响因素的实际现状并有针对地进行分析。本文的创新点在于：本文借鉴小微企业金融支持研究的现有成果,通过金融支持相关理论的研究,深入分析经济新常态下荆州市小微企业金融支持影响因素,为制定金融政策作为指引。笔者从我国经济逐步进入新常态发展阶段的大环境出发,立足于荆州市小微企业具体实际,通过收集小微企业金融支持各影响因素的相关数据,运用统计分析方法和计量方法,探寻变量之间的相互关系。并根据实证检验结果得出的结论提出若干对策建议,为进一步改善小微企业金融服务,为实现普惠金融提供一定参考。本文包括五个章节,各章节主要内容具体如下：第一章为导论。本章节主要介绍本文的研究背景、目的和意义,国内外学术界对该问题研究的动态以及本文的主要研究内容、方法、创新点与不足之处,为下文的展开分析进行必要的介绍。第二章,本章节主要对经济新常态下小微企业金融支持的相关概念进行了说明,一方面对“经济新常态”、“小微企业”和“金融支持”进行简单的概括,另一方面重点对金融支持相关理论,如资本结构、静态权衡、信息不对称、融资优序、代理、生命周期、金融抑制、信贷配给等理论进行阐述,分析了小微企业金融支持相关理论的主要特点,为本文进行金融支持问题分析提供理论支撑。第三章,本章节主要结合现有文献和理论基础,对学术前沿的有关经验和理论成果进行系统的整理,在此基础上结合荆州市小微企业发展现状及当前面临的融资难问题,按照“提出问题、分析问题和解决问题”的思路,分三个维度从政府、银行和小微企业方面的影响因素进行论述分析,以确定和提出小微企业金融支持影响因素变量。第四章,本章节主要根据第三章提出的影响因素变量进行问卷设计和实证分析。首先通过对荆州500家小微企业发放调查问卷进行数据收集,对数据进行选择和处理,进行统计分析和研究,然后通过建立二元Logistic模型,对经济新常态下荆州小微企业金融支持的影响因素进行实证分析,直观的揭示小微企业产业类型、政府财政资金支持、资产负债比例、资产规模、资产抵押、经营状况、生产能力等影响因素对小微企业获得的金融支持满足度影响十分显著。第五章,本章节主要根据第四章的实证研究结果给出的结论,进行了问题分析,并对如何加强小微企业金融支持,分政府、银行和小微企业三个维度提出了相对完善的建议：落实各项扶持政策,强化普惠金融体系；推进经营战略转型,不断加大创新力度；提升管理水平,积极推进升级转型。对现实具有一定的指导意义,为有关部门制定金融政策提供有效参考。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, China economy mainly rely on exports and investment driven at high speed close to two average annual double-digit growth has created the history of the world economy "Chinese miracle", this is a normal Chinese economy in the past, the old normal. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the perplexing changes of world economic situation, the domestic economy is also facing a shift of growth, economic restructuring, pre stimulus digestion and other challenges, and presents new normal past different, which emphasizes the high efficiency, low cost, sustainable. The new normal is "new" means different; the reason for the "constant", means relatively stable compared with the stage of development in the past thirty years, the main performance characteristics of the new normal shift in the speed of economic development, economic development update concept, the optimization and upgrading of economic structure, a new driving force for economic development Early on, through deepening reform, structural adjustment and change the way of economic development. Small and micro businesses large number is an important driving force of the main force of economic development and employment. Especially in the thirty years of reform and opening up, Small and micro businesses to revitalize the consumer goods market, to facilitate the production and life of the people. Constitute the main body of the county economy in our country, it is become the main channel of employment, made a great contribution to the economic and social development. However, in the new normal context, by the current economic downturn situation, Small and micro businesses because of its small scale, weak anti risk ability in the fierce market competition in the production and operation pressure increased significantly, and banks generally adopt "encounter" strategy, make its survival difficult, difficult financing problems. In this regard, the Communist Party of China in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on the comprehensive deepening reform And the decision on major issues highlighted: "the development of Inclusive Finance, encourage financial innovation, abundant levels of financial markets and products. Government departments issued a series of supporting policies and measures, such as fiscal subsidies, loan interest subsidies and tax incentives and other measures, will improve the Small and micro businesses in financial services as an important way to achieve financial inclusion, and achieved positive results. The city of Jingzhou as a big agricultural city in Hubei Province, the city's more than 40 thousand Small and micro businesses is an important growth pole of economic development in Jingzhou. In recent years, Jingzhou municipal government has formulated a number of supportive policies and measures for Small and micro businesses to survive, development to create a relaxed and harmonious environment. But financing in the new normal context, China's downtown pressure on the economy, structural adjustment pains to show that the reform has entered a crucial stage, Small and micro businesses by their own conditions in production and operation pressure. In addition to the formation of many financial institutions to avoid financial risks, to Small and micro businesses unwilling to lend, did not dare to loan, Small and micro businesses financing problem has become the biggest obstacle to their survival and development. How to solve the financing problem of economic new normal environment of the Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses, is currently of concern. According to the new economic normal Jingzhou small and micro analysis of the influencing factors of the theory of financial support to enterprises, determine the possible influencing factors, design questionnaires. Data were collected through questionnaire. The questionnaire is to Small and micro businesses financial support research influence factors were summarized at home and abroad and further, combined with the development of Small and micro businesses in Jingzhou city and the actual design. Through the analysis and statistics of the questionnaire, understand Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses affected by financial support In the actual situation and to carry out targeted analysis. The innovation of this paper lies in: Based on existing results Small and micro businesses financial support for research, through the research on related theories of financial support, in-depth analysis of Jingzhou city under the new economic norm Small and micro businesses financial support factors, for the formulation of financial policy as a guide. The author from China economy has gradually entered the new normal stage of development environment, based on the actual Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses, through the collection of Small and micro businesses financial support for the related data of influence factors, using the method of statistical analysis and measurement methods, to explore the relationship between the variables. And puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions according to the empirical results concluded in order to further improve the Small and micro businesses, financial services, and provide a reference for the realization of Inclusive Finance. This paper consists of five chapters, the main content of each chapter is as follows: The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the research background, purpose and significance, the main research contents, the domestic and foreign academic research on the problem of the dynamic and the methods, innovation points and deficiencies, the necessary introduction for the following analysis. The second chapter, this chapter mainly explains the economic under the new normal Small and micro businesses financial support related to the concept of a party facing the new economic norm "," Small and micro businesses "and" financial support "briefly, on the other hand, the focus of the relevant theory of financial support, such as capital structure, static balance, information asymmetry, pecking order, agent, life cycle, financial repression, credit rationing theory is expounded, analyzed the main characteristics of Small and micro businesses financial support theory, financial support provide theoretical support for the analysis in this paper. The third chapter, this chapter mainly. With the existing literature and theoretical basis, relevant experience and theoretical achievements of the academic frontier systematic arrangement on the basis of Jingzhou city Small and micro businesses development and financing facing difficult problems, in accordance with the "ask questions, analyze and solve problems" ideas, divided into three dimensions from the government, influence factors the bank and the Small and micro businesses are analyzed, and put forward to determine Small and micro businesses financial support variables. In the fourth chapter, this chapter mainly according to factors affecting the third chapter of the questionnaire design and empirical analysis. Firstly, through collecting the data on Jingzhou 500 Small and micro businesses questionnaires for data selection and processing, statistical analysis and research, and through the establishment of Logistic model for two yuan, under the new economic norm of Jingzhou small and micro influence factors of enterprise financial support in China Intuitive analysis, reveal the Small and micro businesses industry type, government financial support, asset liability ratio, asset size, asset mortgage, operating conditions, production capacity and other factors impact on the Small and micro businesses to obtain financial support to meet the degree of effect was very significant. The fifth chapter, this chapter is mainly based on the empirical research results are given in Chapter fourth the conclusion of the analysis, and on how to strengthen the financial support of Small and micro businesses, government, bank and the three dimensions of Small and micro businesses put forward relative suggestions: to support the implementation of the policy, strengthen inclusive financial system; to promote the transformation of business strategy, continue to increase innovation; enhance the management level, actively promote the transformation and upgrading. Has certain guiding significance to the reality, provide effective reference for relevant departments to formulate financial policies.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

【相似文献】