苕溪入湖口地区污染物分区控制方案研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 20:22

  本文关键词：苕溪入湖口地区污染物分区控制方案研究　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 太湖 苕溪 SWAT模型 最佳管理措施 分区控制

【摘要】：太湖水体富营养化问题一直备受关注。苕溪是南太湖的主要入湖河流。本文根据苕溪入湖口的污染普查资料、土地利用方式和水质监测资料,核实计算得到研究区域内的污染物排放量。采用数学统计分析方法,结合地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS)和流域分布式水文模型—土壤水体评价模型(Soil and Water Assessment Too 1,SWAT)模型,对研究区域污染负荷进行源结构解析和研究分区划分,并进行流域最佳控制措施(Best Management Practices,BMPs)研究,为苕溪流域水污染控制方案的制定提供理论支撑。主要研究结论如下:(1)根据2011-2014年污染普查数据,核实计算得到研究区域工业企业、城镇生活、农田径流、畜禽养殖、水产养殖和农村生活等污染源的COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷排放量,采用逢雨必测的方式监测得到大气氮沉降数据。结果显示,苕溪入湖口区域各污染物的年总排放量分别为:COD 11655.79t/a、氨氮1944.21t/a、总氮3543.60t/a、总磷407.62t/a。经济发展区的污染物主要来源为城镇生活,单位面积排放量最高;水源敏感区的污染物单位面积排放量最低;入湖保护区主要污染源为农村生活和农业面源,生态保障区污染负荷来源较为分散。(2)基于ArcGIS平台确定研究区域内16个监测点位进行水质监测。结果表明,研究区域内高锰酸盐指数和氨氮均达到地表水Ⅲ类水标准,总磷部分达到Ⅲ类水标准。(3)建立了适用于苕溪太湖入湖口区域的流域分布式水文模型—SWAT模型,并从生活污水削减、畜禽养殖削减、耕地管理措施(等高种植和退耕还林)和拦截措施(植被过滤带和植草水道)四个方面对区域设置19个模拟情景同基准情景进行对比。结果表明,生活污水削减较畜禽养殖效果更好,这与区域内生活污水及畜禽养殖对研究区域氮磷负荷的贡献率有关。对0-25°坡度的耕地实行等高种植操作,相较于10%以内的耕地转为林地效果更好,与15%退耕还林效果相当。执行等高种植和拦截措施等水土保持措施,可以有效地降低流域内非点源污染负荷,故在该区域应重点加强水土保持措施。(4)结合土地利用类型、水质情况、集水区划分、环境功能区划等将吴兴区划分为滨湖保护区(A区)、经济发展区(B区)、生态保障区(C区)和水源敏感区(D区)四个分区模块。经济发展区污染物单位面积排放量最高,主要污染来自城镇生活,针对该区域主要进行城镇污水收集系统及污水处理厂提标改造等;水源敏感区污染物单位面积排放量最低,主要进行农业面源污染控制;滨湖保护区农村生活和农田径流污染较高,且受内河河网影响较大,主要进行农业面源和内河河网污染控制;生态保障区污染负荷来源较为分散,且相对其他区域畜禽养殖和水产养殖较多,主要进行畜禽和水产养殖及农业面源的控制。
[Abstract]:The eutrophication problem of Taihu Lake has been concerned. Tiaoxi is the main river in South Taihu Lake. According to the pollution survey data of Tiaoxi Lake mouth, land use patterns and water quality monitoring data. Verify and calculate the amount of pollutants in the study area. Use mathematical statistical analysis method. Combining geographical Information System with GIS. GIs) and Soil and Water Assessment Too 1 (Soil and Water Assessment Too 1) model. The source structure analysis and zoning of the pollution load in the studied area were carried out, and the best control measures of the basin, Best Management practices (BMPs), were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the data of 2011-2014 pollution census, the industrial enterprises in the study area are verified and calculated. Urban life, farmland runoff, livestock and poultry farming, aquaculture and rural life and other pollution sources of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus emissions. The atmospheric nitrogen deposition data were obtained by using the method of measuring every rain. The results showed that the annual total discharge of pollutants in Tiaoxi Lake mouth region was respectively: 1% COD 11655.79 t / a. Ammonia nitrogen 1944.21 t / a, total nitrogen 3543.60 t / a, total phosphorus 407.62 t / a. The main source of pollutants in the economic development area is urban life, with the highest emission per unit area. The discharge of pollutants per unit area was the lowest in the sensitive area of water source. The main sources of pollution are rural life and agricultural non-point source. The source of pollution load in ecological security area is scattered. 2) based on the ArcGIS platform, 16 monitoring sites in the study area are determined for water quality monitoring. The permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen in the study area are up to the standard of surface water class 鈪，

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