浙江省青田县河道水污染防治问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 00:01

本文关键词： 青田河道水污染防治外部性　出处：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的快速发展,城市的扩大化和农村的城镇化、工业化等所产生的大量的生活、工业和农业等各类污水和垃圾,逐年增加,远远超出现有的治理能力。据统计,目前我国的城镇污水处理率不足30%,工业污水实际达标率不到50%;而农业除了畜禽业点源有些治理之外,其大量的化肥、农药、农资产品和农业秸杆等造成的污水,尚无切实有效的治理措施。特别是一些新发展起来的小城镇,水污染防治问题更是突出严重。就浙江省青田县来说,随着瓯江流域经济社会的快速发展,水环境污染的程度也在不断地扩大和加重;使得原来的青山绿水的江南水乡风韵,逐渐远离人们的视线。各种生活污水、畜禽业污水、餐饮业污水、农业面源污水、工业污水、地下管道污水、地表径流污水、河(湖)床底泥及地面固体垃圾、废弃物渗泡所产生的污水,未经处理直接或间接地被排放到河道中,给河道水体造成了不同程度的污染。其中部分含有氮、磷元素的污水,导致河水富营养化;部分重金属离子对水生动植物的生存造成了严重的影响;部分有毒物质对水生动物造成严重的伤害,甚至危害了人的身体健康。随着科学技术的进步,水污染防治的技术呈现螺旋式上升。发展会有进步,但在过程中也会产生新的问题。此时最重要的是如何分析新问题,并针对新问题制定相应的对策。在青田县经济社会发展的过程中,通过对其瓯江水系水污染现状和原因的分析,可以看出且日益显示出水污染防治系统薄弱,生态破坏等的问题。这些问题在于部分民众的法制观念意识淡薄,环境保护意识差;部分单位履责不力等等。这些种种问题需要更进一步地研究、分析与解决。实际上,解决问题同样是社会进步的表现。本文以个案为例——即以青田县瓯江水系水体污染防治为例,从河道水体污染的种种迹象入手,深入分析造成河道水体污染的各种原因,总结多年来治水的成功经验和失败教训,借鉴部分国内外水污染防治的先进经验,从源头防治、政府层面、科技层面、群众素质和工程维护等方面等方面,提出一些见效快、投资省、持续长的方法、措施和建议。希望通过本文对青田县瓯江水系水污水防治问题的研究和青田县委县政府自身的不断探索,青田县瓯江水系河道水污染防治工作肯定能取得胜利。同时,也希望能通过本文,为我国其他地区的污水防治工作发展,提供一定意义上的借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the expansion of cities, the urbanization of rural areas, industrialization and so on, a large number of life, industry and agriculture and other kinds of sewage and garbage, increased year by year. According to statistics, the treatment rate of urban sewage in China is less than 30%, and the actual standard rate of industrial sewage is less than 50%. In addition to the point source of the livestock and poultry industry, there is no effective treatment for the sewage caused by a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural products and agricultural straw, especially in some newly developed small towns. As for Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province, with the rapid development of economy and society in Oujiang River Basin, the degree of water pollution is also expanding and aggravating. Make the original green green water town of Jiangnan charm, gradually away from the sight of people. All kinds of domestic sewage, livestock and poultry industry sewage, catering industry sewage, agricultural non-point source sewage, industrial sewage, underground sewage pipe. Surface runoff sewage, river (lake) bed sediment and ground solid waste, waste water generated by leachate, untreated direct or indirect discharge into the river. Some of the wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphorus lead to eutrophication of river water. Some heavy metal ions have a serious effect on the survival of aquatic plants and animals. Some toxic substances cause serious harm to aquatic animals, and even endanger human health. With the progress of science and technology, the technology of water pollution prevention and control is spiraling up, and the development will make progress. But in the process will also produce new problems. At this time, the most important is how to analyze the new problems, and to formulate corresponding countermeasures. In the process of economic and social development in Qingtian County. Through the analysis of the current situation and causes of water pollution in Oujiang river system, we can see and show that the water pollution prevention system is weak, ecological destruction and so on. These problems lie in the weak sense of legal system of some people. Poor awareness of environmental protection; These problems need to be further studied, analyzed and solved. To solve the problem is also the performance of social progress. This paper takes the case as an example-that is, the prevention and control of water pollution in the Oujiang River system of Qingtian County, starting with various signs of river water pollution. Deeply analyze the causes of river water pollution, summarize the successful experience and failure lessons of water control over the years, draw lessons from some domestic and foreign advanced experience of water pollution control, from the source control, government level, science and technology level. In the aspects of mass quality and project maintenance, some methods are put forward, such as quick effect, less investment and longer duration. It is hoped that through the research on the prevention and treatment of water sewage in the Oujiang River system of Qingtian County and the continuous exploration of the Qingtian County Party Committee and the county government itself. The prevention and control of river water pollution in Oujiang River system of Qingtian County is sure to win a victory. At the same time, it is hoped that this paper can provide some references for the development of sewage prevention and treatment in other areas of our country.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X522

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