基于农业标准化的山东省节水灌溉分区研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 18:04

本文关键词： 农业标准化节水灌溉分区系统聚类法主成分分析节水灌溉措施　出处：《山东农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪,我国农业进入了新的阶段,传统农业已经不能满足世界贸易对农产品的需求,国家大力发展现代农业,而现代农业的重要标志之一是农业标准化。近年来,随着农业标准化政策的深入推进,中国农业取得了长足发展,粮食连年增产。由于粮食增产需要更充足的灌溉水资源保证,而中国是一个严重缺水的国家,面临严峻的水资源短缺问题。为了解决这一问题,国家出台了一系列的标准和规范,来指导节水灌溉,促进节水灌溉工程标准化建设。《节水灌溉工程技术规范》GB/T50363-2006明确指出“节水灌溉工程建设必须做到因地制宜、保证质量、加强管理,有利于实现水资源优化配置”。山东省是严重缺水的省份,目前可利用的水资源量少且可开发的潜力小,迫切需要发展节水灌溉。为了达到因地制宜建设节水灌溉工程的要求,首先要对山东省进行合理的节水灌溉分区,然后根据各分区的特点,制定合理的节水灌溉措施,建设合理适用的节水灌溉工程。本研究首先对山东省的基本情况进行了调查分析,确定了山东省17地市作为分区基本单元,选取了缺水程度、干燥度等13项分区指标,收集了山东省各地市最近7年的指标数据,运用DPS数据处理系统对指标数据进行了分析处理,采用主成分分析法与系统聚类法,把山东省分为黄泛平原区、胶东丘陵区、鲁中鲁东丘陵区、鲁西南山区、鲁东南山区5个节水灌区,并结合各分区特点探讨了适宜的节水灌溉模式,以期为山东省节水灌溉规划提供依据,实现水资源的优化配置。主要研究内容如下:(1)确定合理的分区基本单元。通过对比分析,结合山东省实际情况,以不打破行政边界为原则,选取山东省所辖17个地市作为分区基本单元。(2)建立科学的节水灌溉分区指标体系并收集所需指标数据资料。在大量阅读相关文献和实地调研的基础上,选取了包括地貌形态、气候特征、缺水程度、灌区类型、用水现状、农业结构和经济指标7大模块共13项节水灌溉分区指标;通过查阅相关书籍、网上查阅资料及实地调研等方式,收集数据资料。(3)选择合理的分区方法。在对分区方法做了全面了解和深入学习后,选取了适合本次节水灌溉分区的综合分区方法,即主成分分析法与系统聚类法相结合的综合分区方法,搭载DPS数据处理系统,对山东省进行节水灌溉分区。(4)进行节水灌溉分区。通过分析计算将山东省分为五个区,黄泛平原区:济南、聊城、菏泽、德州、滨州、东营;胶东丘陵区:青岛、潍坊、威海;鲁中鲁东丘陵区:淄博、烟台、莱芜;鲁西南山区:枣庄、泰安、济宁;鲁东南山区:日照、临沂。分区结果较为合理,符合山东省的实际情况。(5)为各分区制定合理的节水灌溉措施。在深入分析各分区自然、地理、经济等方面特点的基础上,为各分区制定了科学合理并且贴合各区实际情况的节水灌溉措施。为山东省节水灌溉规划提供了科学依据。本课题受山东省省级水利科研与技术推广项目(SDSLKY201401)支持;以农业标准化理论体系为依据,以便于因地制宜建设节水灌溉工程为目标,用先进的数理统计方法把山东省分为了5个节水分区,并为各分区制定了合理的节水灌溉措施,为山东省节水灌溉规划提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, China's agriculture has entered a new stage, traditional agriculture has been unable to meet the demand of world trade of agricultural products, the country vigorously develop modern agriculture, and an important symbol of modern agriculture is the agricultural standardization. In recent years, with the deepening of the policy of agricultural standardization, Chinese agriculture has achieved great development, food after the grain yield increase. The need for irrigation water resources more adequate assurance, and Chinese is a serious water shortage in the country, facing severe water shortages. In order to solve this problem, the state issued a series of standards and norms to guide the promotion of water-saving irrigation, water-saving irrigation project technical specification standardization construction of water-saving. >GB/T50363-2006 pointed out that "irrigation water-saving irrigation construction must be according to local conditions, ensure the quality, strengthen management, is conducive to the realization of the optimal allocation of water resources in the mountain." East Province is a serious water shortage in the province, the amount of water resources currently available and potential to be developed, there is an urgent need to develop water-saving irrigation. In order to achieve water-saving irrigation project according to the requirements, we must first partition reasonable water-saving irrigation in Shandong Province, and then according to the characteristics of each area, develop water-saving irrigation measures reasonably the construction of water-saving irrigation project, reasonable and suitable. In this study, the basic situation of Shandong province were investigated and analyzed, the 17 cities in Shandong Province as the basic unit of the division, the degree of water shortage, dryness and other 13 partition index, collecting the index data of the recent 7 years in Shandong Province, using DPS data processing system analyzes the index data, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, divides Shandong province into the Yellow River flood plain, hilly areas of Jiaodong, Shandong Luxi Lu Dongqiu hill, Nanshan Nanshan District District, east Shandong 5 water-saving irrigation area, combined with the characteristics of each district of suitable water-saving irrigation pattern, in order to provide the basis for water-saving irrigation planning in Shandong Province, to achieve the optimal allocation of water resources. The main contents are as follows: (1) to determine the basic unit of the division reasonable. Through comparative analysis, combined with the actual situation in Shandong Province, to break the administrative boundaries for the principle, selection of Shandong Province under the jurisdiction of 17 cities as the basic unit of the division. (2) establish a scientific water-saving irrigation zoning index system and index data collection required. Based on a lot of reading Xiang Guanwen Xian and on-the-spot investigation, including selection of landform, climate characteristics. The extent of water, irrigation type, water status, structure and economic indicators of 7 modules of 13 agricultural water-saving irrigation index; through searching related books, online access to information and on-the-spot investigation, data collection Material. (3) choose the appropriate method. The partition partition method to do a comprehensive understanding and in-depth study, the comprehensive zoning method for the water saving irrigation district, namely principal component analysis comprehensive zoning method combining method and system clustering method, with DPS data processing system, water-saving irrigation district of Shandong province. (4) for water-saving irrigation district. Through the analysis and calculation of Shandong province can be divided into five zones, the Yellow River flood plain area: Ji'nan, Liaocheng, Heze, Dezhou, Binzhou, Dongying; Qingdao, Weifang: Jiaodong hilly area, Weihai; Shandong Lu Dongqiu Hill: Zibo, Yantai, Laiwu; Southwest Mountainous Areas: Zaozhuang, Tai'an, Jining; Nanshan District: Shandong Rizhao, Linyi. The partition results are reasonable, in line with the actual situation of Shandong province. (5) the development of water-saving irrigation measures reasonable for each partition. Each partition in geography in-depth analysis of natural, economic and other aspects, based on the characteristics of each. Partition develop water-saving irrigation measures of scientific and reasonable and fit the actual situation of the district. To provide a scientific basis for water-saving irrigation planning in Shandong province. This project is supported by the provincial water conservancy research and technology extension project of Shandong province (SDSLKY201401); based on the theoretical system of agricultural standardization according to local conditions, in order to facilitate the construction of water saving irrigation project as the goal, with the statistical methods advanced Shandong province is divided into 5 water partition, and to develop a reasonable water-saving irrigation measures for each partition, and provide a scientific basis for the planning of water saving irrigation in Shandong province.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S274

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