獐子岛潮间带底栖海藻三十年变迁

发布时间：2018-02-04 21:58

本文关键词： 獐子岛底栖海藻物种种类多样性三十年间变化原因分析区系性质　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：于2013年9月至2015年11月,在獐子岛分别设置了6个采样断面,采用定性和定量两种方式对獐子岛潮间带底栖海藻进行采集,结合统计分析,探究该海域潮间带底栖海藻在物种数量、经济藻类组成、生物量、区系性质在三十年间的变化,并探究产生这种变迁的原因。獐子岛潮间带现有底栖海藻有103种,隶属于4门23目,种类组成以红藻门为主,有56种,占海藻种类总量的54.4%;蓝藻门2种,占总量的1.9%;绿藻门14种,占总量的13.6%;褐藻门有31种,占总量的30.1%。对比三十年前獐子岛潮间带底栖海藻种类数量,从数字上看,物种总量上减少了10种,实际上,有21种獐子岛原有底栖海藻在这三十年间消失,同时有11个新记录种出现。獐子岛现有经济藻类49种,其中,红藻门23种,占22.3%;绿藻门13种,占12.6%;褐藻门13种,占26.5%。三十年前该地区共有经济藻类39种。随着社会的发展进步,人们对由潮间带底栖海藻的经济价值不断的开发利用,不断发现新的经济海藻,因此,从总量上看,经济海藻数量较三十年前有所增加。三十年前,獐子岛潮间带有害海藻只有酸藻(Desmarestia viridis(Muell.)Lamx)一种,现在獐子岛有害海藻除了原有的酸藻,还有强壮硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha valida(Hooker et Harvey)Kuetzing)和舌状酸藻(D.ligulata Lamouroux),共三种。它们大量繁殖,严重危害其他藻类和海洋生物的生长状况。獐子岛的海藻生物量较三十年前有大幅度的减小,很多三十年前的优势种数量急剧下降,甚至成为少见种,如海萝(Gloiopeltis fureata)。产生这种现象主要是因为气候变暖、海水富营养化、海水pH值和盐度的改变等,破坏了底栖海藻的生长环境,使其生物量大幅下降。但季节变化对海藻生物量影响没有发生改变,仍然表现为春夏冬秋。通过温度性质分析,獐子岛潮间带底栖海藻属于黄海西区海藻区系范围,藻类区系性质为温带性,暖温带强于冷温带性。该结论与三十年前区系性质分析所得结论一致。
[Abstract]:From September 2013 to November 2015, six sampling sections were set up in Swertia Island. The benthic algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island were collected by qualitative and quantitative methods, combined with statistical analysis. The changes of species, economic algae composition, biomass and floristic properties of benthic algae in the intertidal zone of the sea area during 30 years were investigated. In the intertidal zone of Swertia Island, there are 103 species of benthic algae, belonging to 23 orders of 4 phylums. The species are composed mainly of red algae, 56 species, accounting for 54.444% of the total algae species. 2 species of Cyanophyta, accounting for 1.9% of the total; There are 14 species of Chlorophyta, accounting for 13.6% of the total; There are 31 species of brown algae, accounting for 30.1% of the total. Compared with the number of benthic algae species in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island 30 years ago, the total number of species has decreased by 10 species, in fact. There are 21 species of benthic algae disappearing in the past 30 years and 11 new records. There are 49 species of economic algae in Swertia Island, of which 23 species are red algae, accounting for 22.3 species. 13 species of Chlorophyta, accounting for 12.6 species; There are 13 species of brown algae, accounting for 26.5%. Thirty years ago, there were 39 species of economic algae in this area. With the development of society, the economic value of benthic algae from intertidal zone has been continuously exploited and utilized. New economic algae have been discovered, so in terms of total amount, the amount of economic algae is up from 30 years ago. The only harmful algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island is Desmarestia viridischii Muell.Lamx), but now Swertia Island is harmful in addition to the original algae. There is also Chaetomorpha valida(Hooker et Harveyus Kuetzing. and the tongue acid algae (. D. ligulata Lamouroux. There are three species. They multiply in large numbers, seriously endangering the growth of other algae and marine life. Swertia Island's algae biomass has a significant reduction compared with 30 years ago, many of the dominant species before the number of sharp decline. It is even a rare species, such as Gloiopeltis fureata.These phenomena are mainly caused by climate warming, eutrophication of seawater, changes of pH and salinity of seawater, etc. The growth environment of benthic algae was destroyed, and the biomass of benthic algae decreased significantly, but the effect of seasonal variation on algal biomass was not changed, which still appeared in spring, summer, winter and autumn. The benthic algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island belong to the flora of the western part of Huang Hai. The flora is temperate, and the warm temperate zone is stronger than the cold temperate zone. This conclusion is in agreement with the results obtained from the floristic analysis 30 years ago.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949.2

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