我国环境民事公益诉讼的实证研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 19:30

本文关键词： 公共利益公益诉讼实证研究　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济和社会的快速发展,环境与生态问题日益严重,如大气污染、水污染、生态破坏以及海洋环境污染等。为了维护公共利益,保护环境和生态,2012年《民事诉讼法》第五十五条与2014年《环境保护法》第五十八条对提起环境民事公益诉讼的原告主体资格进行了严格限定。与此同时,2014年12月最高人民法院颁布的《关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》对环境民事公益诉讼制度的理解与适用进行了进一步的解释与细化。上述法律及司法解释的颁布与实施给我国的环境民事公益诉讼带来了希望,让原告提起环境民事公益诉讼有了较充分的法律依据。但是环保组织的公益维权之路并不平坦,环境民事公益诉讼制度也并不完善,如原告主体资格、诉讼程序、环保法庭设立等方面缺乏合理有效的法律规制。本文内容主要包括四个部分:第一部分是我国环境民事公益诉讼案例概况。笔者主要从自然之友网、中国绿发会网等权威的官方网站进行检索,整理出2015、2016年内的73个案例,并且对案件整理分类与数据统计。对我国环境民事公益诉讼的地域性分布、环境污染类型、原告主体资格、被告类型、诉讼请求、案件处理结果以及环保法庭设立情况加以数据统计,并进行数据分析。第二部分是我国环境民事公益诉讼的进步与亮点。笔者从案件受理数量、原告类型、被告范围、诉讼请求支持率、支持起诉制度、专家辅助人制度、跨域公益诉讼七个方面指出我国环境民事公益诉讼的亮点与进步。第三部分是我国环境民事公益诉讼制度的缺陷与困境。笔者结合案例,指出原告主体资格、诉讼程序、以及环保法庭三个方面的制度缺陷与困境。第四部分是对于完善我国环境民事公益诉讼制度的建议。在原告主体资格方面,提高司法机关对"环保NG0原告资格"的界定能力,放宽对环保组织原告主体资格的限制,以立法形式赋予检察机关原告主体资格并且明确界定"诉权"性质。在诉讼程序方面,明确立案标准,平衡举证责任分配方式,重构诉讼费用负担规则。在环保法庭设立方面,统一审判模式,提高环保法官专业技能,在全国范围内推广环保法庭的设立。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and society, environmental and ecological problems are becoming more and more serious, such as air pollution, water pollution, ecological destruction and marine environmental pollution. To protect the environment and ecology, article 55th of the Civil procedure Law of 2012 and the 58th of the Environmental Protection Act of 2014 have strictly limited the qualification of the plaintiff to bring the environmental civil public interest lawsuit. At the same time, on December 2014, The Supreme people's Court promulgated the interpretation of some issues concerning the applicable Law in Environmental Civil Public interest Litigation cases. The understanding and application of environmental civil public interest litigation system is further interpreted and refined. And the promulgation and implementation of judicial interpretation bring hope to the environmental civil public interest litigation in our country. There is a more sufficient legal basis for the plaintiff to file an environmental civil public interest lawsuit. However, the path of environmental protection organizations to safeguard public welfare rights is not smooth, and the environmental civil public welfare litigation system is also not perfect, such as the plaintiff's subject qualification, the litigation procedure, The content of this paper mainly includes four parts: the first part is the general situation of environmental civil public interest litigation in China. The official websites of China Green Development Association and other authoritative websites were searched, 73 cases were sorted out in 2015 and 2016, and the cases were classified and counted. The regional distribution and environmental pollution types of environmental civil public interest litigation in China were analyzed. The main qualifications of the plaintiff, the type of defendant, the claim, the outcome of the case and the establishment of the environmental protection court shall be counted. The second part is the progress and bright spot of the environmental civil public interest litigation in China. The author from the number of cases accepted, the type of plaintiff, the scope of the defendant, the support of litigation request support system, the expert assistant system, The third part is the defects and difficulties of the environmental civil public interest litigation system in China. As well as the defects and difficulties of the environmental protection court in three aspects. Part 4th is a suggestion to perfect the environmental civil public interest litigation system in China. In the aspect of the plaintiff's subject qualification, the judicial organs should improve their ability to define the "environmental protection NG0 plaintiff qualification". Relaxing the restrictions on the qualification of the plaintiff in environmental protection organizations, giving the plaintiff subject qualification of the procuratorial organ in the form of legislation and clearly defining the nature of the "right of action". In the aspect of the litigation procedure, the standard of filing the case should be clearly defined, and the distribution of the burden of proof should be balanced. In the aspect of setting up environmental protection court, unifying the trial mode, improving the professional skill of environmental protection judge, and popularizing the establishment of environmental protection court in the whole country.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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