番茄果实硬度遗传规律的研究及QTL定位

发布时间：2018-03-13 23:13

  本文选题：番茄　切入点：遗传规律　出处：《东北农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)是一种大众性的果蔬品种,被列入产量最高的30种农业栽培物种,产量仅次于马铃薯。番茄营养价值极高,具有预防心脑血管疾病、预防胃病、调节抗击癌症、减缓衰老有很好的功效。在目前蔬菜大市场大流通以及现代化机械收获的趋势下,番茄果实硬度成为番茄收获以及运输过程中影响番茄品质的重要因素,在收获及运输过程中番茄极易损耗,从而导致番茄产品霉菌污染指数提高,贮存时间短,使成本增加,降低了经济效益。因此一个优良的番茄品种,不仅要有良好的商品性,而且要有较高的硬度及耐贮运性。解决这个问题的方法目前有三种:(1)提早采收;(2)改善运输设备;(3)种植耐储运的番茄品种。前两种方法不是降低了番茄的风味品质就是增加了运输过程中的运输成本,只有第三种是最经济做有效的一种方法,既保持了番茄的原有风味又有提高了经济效益,因此高硬度番茄品种的培育就显得尤为重要。本实验利用两种硬度差异较大番茄品种14803与14630作为母本与父本,构建六个世代临时研究群体,并对六个时代群体果实的硬度以及与果实硬度相关的性状进行调查,研究了果实硬度与多个性状间的相关性以及番茄果实硬度的遗传规律,同时利用分子标记技术构建该群体的遗传连锁图谱,结合田间性状统计与遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位分析,以期为加速高硬度番茄品种的选育、筛选高硬度番茄种质资源材料以及耐储运品种的鉴定奠定理论基础。得到结果如下:(1)除心室数外,单果重、横径、纵径、果形指数、果肉厚、固形物、硬度、果肉硬、粘度等性状均呈连续性变化,呈正态分布,偏斜度及峰度值都小于1且接近零,符合典型数量遗传特征。(2)果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、果形指数、果肉厚、纵径与果实硬度呈正相关,心室数、粘度、横径、单果重与果实硬度呈负相关,且表型相关和遗传相关基本一致,其中果肉硬度、可溶性固形物对番茄果实硬度贡献达到极显著正效应,心室数、粘度对番茄果实达到极显著负效应。(3)番茄果实硬度的模型为一对加.性-显.性主基因+加.性-显.性-上位多基.因混合.遗传模型,番茄果实硬度的主基因加性效应为17.1468,显性效应为0.8731,显性度为0.0509,主基因在BC1,BC2,F2中的遗传力分别为1.64%、1.45%、0.88%,多基因在BC1,BC2,F2中的遗传力分别为26.75%、69.05%、60.98%。主基因+多基因在BC1,BC2,F2中遗传率分别为28.39%、70.50%、61.86%。(4)使用QTL ICIMapping,构建包含3个连锁群、19个标记、全长260.11c M的一张遗传连锁图谱,标记间平均距离为13.69c M。(5)使用QTL IciMapping,运用完备区间作图法对群体进行QTL分析,共检验出21个QTLs。其中检测到控制单果重的QTL位点有3个;控制横径的QTL位点有3个;控制纵径的QTL位点1个;控制番茄果形指数的QTL位点1个;控制番茄果肉厚度的QTL位点2个;控制番茄可溶性固形物含量的QTL有3个;控制番茄果实硬度的QTL位点2个;控制果肉硬度的QTL位点4个;控制番茄果实粘度的QTL位点2个。
[Abstract]:Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a kind of fruit and vegetable varieties, was included in the 30 kinds of agricultural cultivation species the highest yield, yield to potatoes. Tomato has high nutritional value, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevention of stomach, regulating the fight against cancer, slow aging have very good effect. In the current trend of vegetable market circulation and the modern mechanical harvest, fruit firmness of tomato has become an important factor affecting the quality of tomato the tomato harvesting and transport process, tomato at harvest and transport easily in the process of loss, resulting in tomato products contamination index increased, the storage time is short, the cost increase, reduce the economic benefit. Therefore an excellent tomato varieties not only have the goods, good, and have high hardness and good storage. There are three kinds of current methods to solve this problem: (1) early harvest; (2) change Good transportation equipment; (3) tomato varieties resistant to storage and transportation. The first two methods is not reduced tomato flavor quality is increased in the process of transportation and transportation costs, only third is an effective method of the economic, not only keep the original flavor of tomato and increase the economic benefit, so cultivating high hardness of tomato varieties is particularly important. This experiment using two kinds of hardness difference between 14803 and 14630 tomato varieties as female parent and male parent, build six generations of temporary research groups, and conducted a survey of six age groups of fruit firmness and fruit firmness of related traits, study the correlation between fruit hardness and personality the shape and genetic regularity of tomato fruit firmness, genetic linkage map using molecular marker technology and construction of the group, with statistical field traits and genetic linkage maps for QTL positioning The analysis, in order to accelerate the breeding of tomato varieties with high hardness, high hardness and lay a theoretical foundation for screening of Tomato Germplasm Resources and identification of resistant varieties and materials. The results are as follows: (1) in addition to ventricular number, weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, fruit shape index, fruit flesh thickness, solids, hardness. The flesh hard, viscosity traits showed a continuous variation, normal distribution, skewness and kurtosis values are less than 1 and close to zero, with the number of typical genetic characteristics. (2) the fruit hardness, soluble solids, fruit shape index, fruit flesh thickness, longitudinal diameter was correlated with the hardness of fruit ventricular number. Viscosity, diameter, fruit weight was negatively correlated with fruit firmness, and phenotypic and genetic correlations are basically the same, the fruit hardness, soluble solids of tomato fruit firmness with extremely significant positive effect, ventricular number, viscosity to a significant negative effect on tomato fruit. Start (3) the fruit hardness of tomato mould 鍨嬩负涓，

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