基于GIS的尾矿库溃坝下游风险场建立与风险控制

发布时间：2018-03-16 16:57

本文选题：尾矿库　切入点：溃坝　出处：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尾矿库是金属与非金属矿山安全生产的重要环节,也是该领域的重大危险源之一。作为具有高势能的人造泥石流危险源,其一旦发生事故,将会给下游人民生命财产安全造成巨大损失,给当地环境造成严重污染,给当地的经济发展和社会稳定也带来严重的负面影响。加强非煤矿山尾矿库安全管理,提高其规范化、标准化水平,确保尾矿库安全运行就显得十分迫切而重要。为了科学合理的组织实施尾矿库溃坝防灾减灾工程,首要任务是对尾矿库溃坝危害范围和风险性等要有一个基本的认识和评价。只有在掌握溃坝危害范围以及溃坝灾害风险的基础上,才能做到有针对性地、合理地、经济有效地实施减灾措施。GIS技术是近些年来应用颇为广泛的一种方法。它是多种学科交叉融合在一起形成的一种新技术,可以实现数据的采集存储、技术方法的编辑分析、图形的输入输出以及用户的查询使用等。利用GIS技术对尾矿库溃坝事故进行风险分析,将会对尾矿库溃坝事故的安全管理工作起到很好的辅助作用。论文以绿房箐沟尾矿库为研究对象,通过泥石流堆积扇平面形态概化模式,确定了溃坝下游的危险范围。利用GIS工具对危险范围内进行了危险性评价、易损性评价以及风险性评价。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究工作:(1)通过对绿房箐沟尾矿库下游地形地貌、地质构造等地理特征进行调查研究,判定了溃坝砂流开始堆积的位置,并选用了合适的堆积扇平面形态概化模式。利用尾矿库库容、汇水面积、流域高差及主沟长度等参数,对绿房箐沟尾矿库溃坝下游堆积扇的最大长度、最大宽度、最大幅角以及最大面积进行预测,然后再根据绿房箐沟尾矿库下游实际地形,对溃坝下游危险范围进行确定。(2)在对溃坝下游堆积扇内的危险性评价中以1:10000的ASTER GDEM数据为基础,利用GIS工具对距扇面沟道距离以及危险范围内的坡度两因子进行提取分析,再在GIS中将这两个因子叠加计算并分级,最终得到绿房箐沟尾矿库溃坝下游堆积扇内的危险性分区评价图。(3)从人口易损性和物质易损性两方面评价溃坝下游堆积扇内的易损性,通过资料收集法和实地调查法,在对资料进行分析统计的基础上利用GIS工具分别对人口易损性和物质易损性进行计算,最后再将人口易损性和物质易损性叠加计算并分区,最终得到堆积区内的易损性分区图。(4)基于风险的定义,利用GIS工具将危险性与易损性相乘运算并分级,最终得到绿房箐沟尾矿库溃坝下游堆积扇内的风险分区图。(5)最后,建立尾矿库的风险可接受水平模型,计算出研究区域在不同情况下的生命损失,并判断研究区域的风险可接受水平。对于不可接受的风险提出风险控制措施。
[Abstract]:Tailing reservoir is an important link in the safe production of metal and non-metal mines, and also one of the major hazard sources in this field. As a man-made debris flow hazard source with high potential energy, once an accident occurs, It will cause huge loss of life and property to the downstream people, serious pollution to the local environment, serious negative impact on the local economic development and social stability, strengthen the safety management of the tailings of non-coal mines, and improve its standardization. It is very urgent and important to ensure the safe operation of tailing reservoir at the level of standardization. In order to organize and implement disaster prevention and mitigation project of tailing dam break scientifically and reasonably, The first task is to have a basic understanding and evaluation of the scope and risk of dam break of tailing reservoir. Only on the basis of mastering the scope of dam break and the risk of dam break disaster, can we be targeted and reasonable. The economical and effective implementation of disaster reduction measures .GIS is a widely used method in recent years. It is a new technology formed by the combination of many disciplines, which can realize the collection and storage of data and the editing and analysis of technical methods. Using GIS technology to analyze the risk of tailing dam break accident, It will play a very good role in the safety management of dam break accident of tailings reservoir. This paper takes Lufangqinggou tailings reservoir as the research object and generalizes the plane shape of debris flow accumulation fan. The hazard range of downstream dam-break is determined, and the risk assessment is carried out by using GIS tool. Vulnerability assessment and risk assessment. In this paper, the following aspects of the main research work: 1) through the investigation of the lower reaches of the Lufangqingou tailings reservoir topography, geological structure and other geographical characteristics, In this paper, the location where the sand flow begins to accumulate in dam break is determined, and a suitable model of stacking fan plane shape is selected. The parameters such as tailing reservoir capacity, catchment area, basin height difference and main ditch length are used. The maximum length, maximum width, maximum width, maximum angle and maximum area of the downstream accumulative fan of the Linfangqinggou tailings reservoir are predicted, and then according to the actual topography of the lower reaches of the Linfangqinggou tailings reservoir, the maximum length, width, maximum angle and maximum area are predicted. The hazard range of downstream dam break is determined. (2) on the basis of ASTER GDEM data of 1: 10 000 and GIS tool, the risk assessment in the stack fan of downstream dam break is carried out to extract and analyze the two factors from the channel distance to the fan surface and the slope in the dangerous range. Then the two factors are superimposed and classified in GIS, and finally, the risk zonation evaluation chart of the downstream stacking fan of the Linfangqinggou tailings reservoir is obtained. The vulnerability of the fan is evaluated from the aspects of population vulnerability and material vulnerability. Based on the analysis and statistics of the data, the population vulnerability and the material vulnerability are calculated by using the GIS tool. Finally, the population vulnerability and the material vulnerability are superimposed and zoned. Finally, based on the definition of risk, we use GIS tool to multiply the risk and vulnerability, and finally get the risk zoning map. Finally, we get the risk zoning map of the downstream stacking fan in the dam break of Lufangqinggou tailing reservoir. Finally, we use the GIS tool to multiply the risk and the vulnerability, and finally, we get the risk zoning map of the downstream accumulation fan of the Linfangqinggou tailing reservoir. The risk acceptable level model of tailing reservoir is established, the loss of life in the study area is calculated under different conditions, and the acceptable risk level in the study area is judged. The risk control measures for the unacceptable risk are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD926.4

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