我国快递业差异化竞争研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 18:19

本文选题：快递业　切入点：差异化　出处：《山西财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,伴随信息技术和网络的快速发展,第三方支付平台的建立与兴起,电子商务的业务量加速增长,由此促进了我国快递业的井喷式增长。据国家邮政局数据统计,2014年,我国快递业务量已经超越美国成为世界第一。而2016年我国快递业务量为312.8亿件,并连续6年每年增长超过45%。由此可见,快递业正处于高速发展期,但是这里也存在很多问题,比较突出的就是低价竞争带来的“价格战”。不少民营企业为了抢夺市场份额,不惜以低于成本的价格提供快递服务,究其原因就是快递业市场竞争混乱,服务质量有待提高,而快递企业又不具备良好的经营理念,单一的经营模式使得同质化竞争过度。在产业组织理论中,产品差异化既是决定市场结构的重要因素,又是市场中企业取得竞争优势的非价格竞争手段,因此,有效的产品差异化不仅能推动市场结构的有序演进,而且能促进整个产业健康稳定的发展。本文就运用产业组织理论,以我国快递业的发展现状为出发点,从差异化竞争的角度寻找推动力以促进我国快递业的市场结构演进。根据发达国家快递业的发展历程可知,发展成熟的快递业市场应表现为寡头垄断结构,本文建立一个简单的双寡头垄断模型,分别考虑在不引入差异化竞争和引入差异化竞争的情况下,市场上的企业如何竞争,并对均衡时得到的价格和产量进行分析,说明差异化竞争对市场结构及市场绩效的影响。接下来针对当前激烈的低价竞争问题,分析了我国快递业发展的现状,并简单介绍了国外快递业的发展模式和国际快递巨头的差异化特点,对我国快递业以及快递企业提出一些对策建议。本文的结论就是:在产品或服务同质化的市场上,企业可以采取差异化竞争的手段,制定高于边际成本的价格,从而获得正的经济利润。同时,差异化竞争又能保证市场竞争的有效性,低价竞争的手段已不适用于发展稳定的快递行业,差异化竞争才能促进快递业更稳更好的发展。在宏观层面上,政府应该鼓励快递企业加快收购整合的脚步,进一步完善邮政法,放宽经营范围,给快递企业更广阔的发展空间。在产业层面上,快递业应积极推进快递企业之间的并购整合,提高市场集中度,进而提高资源的利用率。在微观层面上,快递企业应加大对信息技术、网路建设的资源投入,通过提供差异化的快递服务来满足顾客的多样化、个性化需求。本文不足之处在于:相关数据的缺乏使得本文缺乏实证分析的内容,无法提供更具说服力的现实依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology and network, the establishment and rise of third-party payment platform, the business volume of e-commerce has increased rapidly, which has promoted the blowout growth of express delivery industry in China. According to the statistics of National Post Office, in 2014, China's express delivery business has surpassed the United States to become the first in the world. In 2016, China's express delivery business volume was 31.28 billion pieces, and the annual growth for six consecutive years exceeded 45.5%. This shows that express delivery industry is in a period of rapid development, but there are also many problems here. What is more prominent is the "price war" brought about by low price competition. In order to seize market share, many private enterprises do not hesitate to provide express delivery services at a price lower than the cost. The reason is that the market competition in the express delivery industry is chaotic and the service quality needs to be improved. But the express delivery enterprise does not have the good management idea, the single management pattern causes the homogeneity competition to be excessive. In the industrial organization theory, the product differentiation is the important factor which decides the market structure. Therefore, effective product differentiation can not only promote the orderly evolution of market structure, but also promote the healthy and stable development of the whole industry. Based on the present situation of express delivery industry in China, this paper looks for the impetus from the angle of differentiated competition to promote the evolution of the market structure of express delivery industry in China. According to the development course of express delivery industry in developed countries, The development of mature express delivery market should be characterized by oligopoly structure. This paper establishes a simple duopoly monopoly model, considering how the enterprises in the market compete without introducing differential competition and introducing differentiated competition, respectively. The paper also analyzes the price and output obtained in equilibrium, and explains the influence of differential competition on market structure and market performance. Then, aiming at the current fierce low price competition, the paper analyzes the current situation of express delivery industry development in China. It also briefly introduces the development mode of the foreign express industry and the differential characteristics of the international express giant, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for our express delivery industry and express enterprises. The conclusion of this paper is: in the market where the products or services are homogenous, Enterprises can make positive economic profits by means of differential competition and set prices higher than marginal cost. At the same time, differential competition can ensure the effectiveness of market competition. The method of low price competition is no longer suitable for the development of stable express delivery industry. Differentiation competition is the only way to promote a more stable and better development of express delivery industry. At the macro level, the government should encourage express delivery companies to speed up the pace of acquisition and integration. Further improve the postal law, relax the scope of operation, and give express delivery enterprises a broader space for development. At the industrial level, express delivery should actively promote merger and acquisition integration between express delivery enterprises and increase market concentration. At the micro level, express delivery enterprises should invest more resources in information technology and network construction, and satisfy the diversity of customers by providing differentiated express service. The deficiency of this paper is that the lack of relevant data makes this paper lack the content of empirical analysis and can not provide a more convincing practical basis.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F259.2

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