金融集聚对区域收入差距的空间效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:03

  本文选题：金融集聚　切入点：区域收入差距　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：从20世纪70年代开始,金融资源在空间上的流动逐步凸显出集中态势,较多的金融资源多集中于发达地区。在金融集聚的过程中,不断吸取周边地区的优势金融资源,即只集中不辐射,从而造成了区域间的非均衡发展。使得金融集聚态势明显的地区与“被集聚”的区域在经济增长、技术水平和知识存量上产生了巨大差异。这种金融集聚在空间上的分布特征,作用于区域经济发展的同时,是否对区域间收入分配的方式和程度产生了影响?区域金融集聚的空间差异是如何引起区域居民收入改变的?金融资源的时空组合与配置变化对收入分配格局存在怎样的影响机理?正是本论文要解决的问题。目前对于金融与区域收入差距的问题上,直接阐述二者关系的研究较少,大部分研究都是从静态的金融发展角度研究收入差距,而本论文借助地理信息系统和空间计量模型,利用空间面板数据描述金融资源的地域流动对区域收入差距的影响,能够较好的阐述金融资源的运动方向对区域收入差距的作用原理。结合现实,分析金融集聚和区域收入差距在我国的分布情况及发展趋势。借助Arcgis软件绘图,可以看出金融集聚与收入水平在我国均呈现东-中-西三级阶梯分布,说明金融集聚的空间分布对区域收入差异存在较大的影响,需要进一步梳理金融集聚对区域收入差距的作用机理。金融体系最基础的功能就是提供贷款,助力实体经济的发展。然而根据金融抑制和深化理论可知,我国历史上采取的非市场化的金融抑制政策,造成实际利率低于均衡利率,形成了“利率”倒挂机制,使得发达地区居民有较低的资金使用成本,而欠发达地区居民则无法取得较高的利息收入,对区域收入分配格局产生影响。同时由于原始财富积累差距,加之信贷门槛的存在,使得发达地区居民能够跨越信贷门槛,增收渠道拓展,收益不断提升,而欠发达地区居民由于无法跨越信贷门槛,一直处于低水平循环,由此造成了二者的收入差距。在产业调整机制方面,从资本要素与劳动要素的收入分配比例视角切入,论述金融集聚使资本要素收入不断上升,劳动要素收入不断下降,加之边际资本的区域收益率差距的影响。同时由于我国采用赶超战略,使金融资源多集中于无自生能力的垄断行业中,而这些行业多集中于发达地区,使得金融资源分配效率较低,由行业差距逐步演变为地区差距,导致了区域间收入分配的不合理。在知识溢出机制方面,通过演化博弈模型的分析得出,金融集聚在发达地区会产生集聚网络知识的系统效应、创新效应、技术进步效应和信息升级效应,促进其技术进步和劳动生产率的提升,从而促进收入增长。而在欠发达地区由于知识溢出渠道不畅,知识水平差距过大,会形成知识锁定的局面,从而不能为技术进步提供有力的金融支持,逐步形成了与发达地区的劳动生产率差异,收入差距由此形成。分别从金融功能、产业调整和知识溢出三个层面选取金融集聚影响区域收入差距的实证指标,构建空间计量模型,进一步测算金融集聚对区域收入差距在空间上造成的直接效应与间接效应,探讨金融集聚各层面指标对区域收入差距的综合作用路径。通过空间邻接矩阵,首先测算金融集聚对收入影响的金融功能效应,利用空间计量统计方法,选取2004-2013年中国31个省、自治区和直辖市的面板数据,以柯布道格拉斯函数为基础,模拟出金融集聚与收入水平的空间相关关系。结果表明：由银行本外币存款余额、保费收入和股票市场筹资额组成的金融集聚综合指数、技术水平及政府作用指数对人均可支配收入具有显著的正向效应。说明由于在区域间存在金融集聚程度与模式的不同造成了区域间收入的差异,应利用经济增长极的发展策略,建立多层次的金融中心,缩小区域间的收入差距。其次,测算金融集聚对收入影响的产业调整效应,在上一章模型的基础上加入产业结构和垄断程度指标。结果显示,金融集聚综合指数、技术进步指数、产业结构指数对收入水平的影响较为显著,垄断因素与收入水平呈负相关,而政府作用并不是很明显。因此,政府应遵循自身资源禀赋优势提出产业升级发展战略。使金融集聚的流动方向和模式遵循市场规律,流向收益率更高的地方,能够有效促进技术进步,改善金融资源分配不均的状况,促进劳动生产率的区域平衡,缩小区域收入差距。最后,以知识生产函数为基础,建立空间计量模型发现,在金融集聚对区域收入差距作用的过程中具有明显的知识溢出效应。金融资源的空间集聚与扩散会激活集群内部的缄默知识,提高金融集聚群体的竞争力,从而提升处于这一区域内的群体的收入水平。金融集聚指数、受教育水平、金融集聚规模、RD投入和技术市场交易额都对收入水平的提升具有显著的知识溢出效应,而人力资本的投入则没有明显的知识溢出效应。因此,应该利用金融集聚的知识溢出效应,使其能够有效的辐射到欠发达地区,从而推进区域教育均衡化发展,提升其劳动生产率。通过理论和实证分析,总结出金融集聚对收入分配影响的三大空间效应,即：金融功能效应、产业调整效应和知识溢出效应。首先,金融集聚通过集聚储蓄、分散风险、便利交易、促进公司治理和信息揭示五大功能,对区域间的资本积累、技术创新及经济发展产生不同程度的影响,从而造成了劳动生产率的区域差距,进而带来对区域间收入分配的金融功能效应。其次,不同区域的产业结构大相径庭,金融集聚对不同地区的产业会产生迥异的资本集聚和增值能力效应。而区域内产业的资本密集程度和利润直接影响到居民的工资水平,由于金融集聚对不同区域产业的作用效果不同,也造成了区域间的收入差距。最后,发达地区与欠发达地区金融集聚的知识溢出效应也存在差距,发达地区的知识系统丰富,人力资本水平普遍较高,加之金融集聚产生的大量缄默知识,形成了丰富的信息数据库。同时,此地区主体的信息编码能力较强,决定了此区域居民的收入水平较高,欠发达地区反之,从而形成了发达地区与欠发达地区的收入差距。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of 1970s, the financial resources in the space of the flow gradually highlights the concentration trend, more financial resources are more concentrated in developed regions. In the process of financial agglomeration, constantly absorbing the surrounding area the advantage of financial resources, which is not only concentrated radiation, resulting in the uneven development between regions. The obvious trend of financial agglomeration the area and the "cluster" in the area of economic growth, the level of technology and knowledge have great differences. The distribution characteristics of the financial agglomeration in space, plays a role in regional economic development and at the same time, whether on the income distribution between regions and degree of influence? The space differences in regional financial agglomeration is how to cause the change of regional income? Space combination and configuration changes of financial resources are the influence mechanism on how the income distribution pattern? This paper is to solve The gap between the financial problems. And the regional income problem, expounded the relationship between the two studies are few, most of the research is to study the income gap from the static angle of financial development, this paper uses the geographic information system and spatial econometric model, describing the flow of financial resources by the impact of regional spatial panel data on the regional income gap to the direction of movement of financial resources, the better the effect on regional income gap principle. Combined with the reality, analysis of financial agglomeration and regional income disparity in the distribution and development trend in our country. With the help of Arcgis software drawing, we can see that the financial agglomeration and income level in our country are presented in East - West three ladder the distribution shows that there is a greater impact on the regional income distribution difference of financial agglomeration space, need to further clarify the financial agglomeration mechanism of regional income gap . the basic function of the financial system is to provide loans to help the development of the real economy. However, according to the theory of financial repression and deepening, take the history of our country's non market oriented financial repression policy, resulting in real interest rates lower than the equilibrium interest rate, the formation of the "interest rate" upside down mechanism, makes the developed area residents have the use of funds cost low, and underdeveloped area residents are unable to obtain higher interest income, have an impact on the regional income distribution pattern. At the same time as the original accumulation of wealth gap, and the credit threshold exists, the developed area residents to cross the threshold of credit, increase revenue channels to expand, upgrade, and underdeveloped area residents due to cross credit the threshold has been at a low level circulation, resulting in two of the income gap. In terms of industrial adjustment mechanism, from the capital and labor income factors The breakthrough allocation perspective, discusses the financial agglomeration make capital incomes rising, labor income continued to decline, coupled with the impact of the regional capital marginal yield gap. At the same time since China adopted the surpassing strategy, financial resources are more concentrated in the non viability of the monopoly industries, and these industries are more concentrated in the developed areas. The financial resource allocation efficiency is low, the gap between the industry gradually evolved into the gap between regions, leading to inter regional income distribution is not reasonable. In the aspect of knowledge spillover mechanism, through the analysis of the evolutionary game model that the financial agglomeration in developed regions will cause system effect, cluster network knowledge innovation effect, the effect of technical progress and upgrade information effect, promote the technological progress and labor productivity, thereby promoting income growth. In less developed regions due to knowledge spillover channels, knowledge of water Flat gap is too large, will form a knowledge locking situation, which can not provide strong financial support for technological progress, and gradually formed the labor productivity gap with the developed areas, the income gap is formed. From the three aspects of financial function, industrial restructuring and knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration from empirical indicators of regional income gap, construction a spatial econometric model, further calculation of financial agglomeration on the direct effect of regional income differences in space and indirect effect on the financial agglomeration index of every level of comprehensive effect on regional income gap path. By spatial adjacency matrix, first calculates the financial agglomeration effect on the financial function of the income effect, using spatial econometric statistical method, select 2004-2013 years China in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central panel data, based on the Cobb Douglas function, simulate the financial agglomeration and The correlation between income levels. The results showed that: by the Bank of the foreign currency deposits, premium income and stock market financing is composed of financial agglomeration index, technical level and the government function index of per capita disposable income has a significant positive effect. Because of the regional differences of financial agglomeration degree and pattern of difference regional income, development strategy of using economic growth pole, the establishment of a multi-level financial center, reducing the regional income gap. Secondly, calculation of financial agglomeration industry adjustment effect on the income effect should be added, the industrial structure and the degree of monopoly in the index based on a chapter on the model. The results show that the comprehensive financial agglomeration index, index of technological progress, industrial structure index has significant influence on the level of income, the monopoly factors were negatively correlated with the level of income, and the role of government is not very Obviously. Therefore, the government should follow its own resource advantages of industrial upgrading development strategy. The flow direction and mode of financial agglomeration to follow the market rules, to yield a higher place, can effectively promote technological progress, improve the allocation of financial resources uneven situation, promote balanced regional labor productivity, reduce the regional income gap. Finally, the knowledge production function as the basis, establish spatial econometric model that has obvious effect in the process of knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration on regional income gap. The agglomeration and diffusion of tacit knowledge within the cluster will activate the financial resources space, improve the competitiveness of financial industrial agglomeration, so as to enhance the level of income in this area the group. The financial agglomeration index, education level, financial agglomeration scale, RD investment and technology market turnover on income level enhancement There is a significant knowledge spillover effect, and investment in human capital is not the knowledge spillover effect obviously. Therefore, should take advantage of the knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration, so that it can be effective radiation to the underdeveloped areas, and promote regional balanced development of education, improve the labor productivity. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, summed up three space effect, the financial agglomeration effects on the income distribution of financial function effect, effect of adjusting industry and knowledge spillover effect. Firstly, the financial agglomeration agglomeration through savings, risk diversification, convenient transaction, promoting corporate governance and information disclosure of the five functions, on the accumulation of regional capital, have different influence on technology innovation and the development of economy, which caused the regional disparity in labor productivity, and thus bring financial effects on the income distribution between regions. Secondly, the industrial structure of different regions of the Which explains the financial agglomeration will produce different for different areas of industrial capital agglomeration and value-added effect. While the regional industrial capital intensive and profits directly affect the residents wages, because the financial agglomeration effect of different regions of different industries, also caused the regional income gap. Finally, developed areas with less financial agglomeration knowledge spillover effect in developed areas such as the gap in knowledge system in developed areas, rich, generally higher level of human capital, coupled with the financial agglomeration to produce a large number of tacit knowledge, form a rich database of information. At the same time, the information encoding ability of this area main body is strong, decided that this area residents' income level is higher conversely, in underdeveloped areas, thus forming a developed region and undeveloped region income gap.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832;F124.7
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本文编号：1655785