基于生态足迹理论的区域可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:28

本文选题：生态足迹　切入点：可持续发展　出处：《四川省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1978年实施改革开放战略以来,我国经济飞速发展并取得了举世瞩目的成绩。伴随着工业化、城镇化和现代化的快速推进,国家的综合国力显著增强,但是我们为之付出了较高的生态成本,资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化,经济社会的发展在诸多方面都面临着不可持续的风险与挑战。对此,党和政府提出了把可持续发展作为全面建成小康社会,进而实现现代化,中华民族伟大复兴的重要内容和指标。但可持续发展应该怎么衡量,尤其是如何衡量某区域可持续发展的水平和状态,事关区域经济社会与生态环境能否实现协调共进,支持该区域的可持续发展。基于此,本文利用“生态足迹分析法”,以湖北省仙桃市为例,通过当地居民对农产品等的生产与消费,计算仙桃市的生态足迹,评价仙桃市生态可持续发展状态,并提出促进仙桃市生态可持续发展的建议。本文通过对生态足迹理论、模型以及计算方法的学习,对比了国内外学者关于生态足迹计算的方法,结合本文的研究对象——湖北省仙桃市,通过“省公顷”的概念,结合湖北省以及仙桃市统计年鉴相关数据,计算出湖北省的产量因子、仙桃市的产量因子,以使计算结果更加精确。利用《湖北省统计年鉴》的相关数据,先计算出湖北省2010年到2015年的当量因子,再统计《仙桃市统计年鉴》的相关数据,计算出仙桃市2010年、2012年、2014年和2015年的产量因子。通过对仙桃市生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字(盈余)的计算,并对这些在固定年份的相应数据进行对比分析、生态足迹动态变化分析和生态足迹结构分析,发现土地利用结构不合理是仙桃市产生生态赤字的主要原因,土地利用结构不合理主要包括:(1)林地少且分布不均;(2)牧草地匮乏;(3)耕地生产力下降;(4)水域污染日益严重,除土地利用结构不合理原因外,还存在居民消费水平提高、消费模式和食物结构发生转变;区域可持续发展观念薄弱等原因。最后,为改善仙桃市生态环境、促进其可持续发展,本文给出了以下几点建议:(1)提高耕地生产力;(2)扩大林地面积;(3)保护草地生态系统;(4)保护水域生态系统,创新养殖模式;(5)促进建设用地集约利用;(6)控制人口增长,提高人口质量;(7)加速化石能源经济向低碳经济的转型等。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the strategy of reform and opening up in 1978, China's economy has developed at a rapid pace and made remarkable achievements. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the comprehensive national strength of the country has increased significantly. However, we pay high ecological cost, tighten resource constraints, seriously pollute the environment, degenerate ecosystems, and face unsustainable risks and challenges in many aspects of economic and social development. The Party and the government have proposed that sustainable development should be regarded as an important content and target for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. But how should sustainable development be measured? In particular, how to measure the level and status of a region's sustainable development is related to whether the regional economic, social and ecological environment can achieve coordinated progress and support the sustainable development of the region. Taking Xiantao City of Hubei Province as an example, the ecological footprint of Xiantao City is calculated by the production and consumption of agricultural products by local residents, and the ecological sustainable development state of Xiantao City is evaluated. Through the study of ecological footprint theory, model and calculation method, this paper compares the domestic and foreign scholars' methods of ecological footprint calculation. Combined with the research object of this paper, Xiantao City, Hubei Province, through the concept of "provincial hectare", combined with the statistical yearbooks of Hubei Province and Xiantao City, the production factors of Hubei Province and Xiantao City are calculated, and the output factors of Xiantao City are calculated. In order to make the calculation results more accurate. Using the relevant data of the Statistical Yearbook of Hubei Province, the equivalent factors of Hubei Province from 2010 to 2015 are calculated first, and then the relevant data of the Statistical Yearbook of Xiantao City are counted. By calculating the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit (surplus) of Xiantao City in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015, we compared and analyzed the corresponding data in a fixed year. The dynamic changes of ecological footprint and the analysis of ecological footprint structure show that unreasonable land use structure is the main reason of ecological deficit in Xiantao city. The unreasonable structure of land use mainly includes: 1) less woodland and 2) lack of forage land. 3) the productivity of cultivated land is declining. 4) Water pollution is becoming more serious. Besides the unreasonable land use structure, there is also a rise in the consumption level of residents. In order to improve the ecological environment of Xiantao City and promote its sustainable development, the consumption pattern and food structure are changed, the concept of regional sustainable development is weak and so on. The following suggestions are given in this paper: 1) to increase the productivity of cultivated land / 2) to expand the area of woodland and 3) to protect the grassland ecosystem 4) to protect the aquatic ecosystem, and 5) to promote intensive utilization of construction land and control the population growth, 4) to protect the aquatic ecosystem, and 5) to promote the intensive utilization of the construction land. Improving population quality and accelerating the transition of fossil energy economy to low carbon economy.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22;F124.5

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