湖北利川鱼木寨古民居与古墓葬调查报告

发布时间：2018-04-02 19:45

本文选题：鱼木寨　切入点：古民居　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：鱼木寨,地处湖北省恩施州利川市之西北边陲大兴乡,系一座土家族古寨。随着文物工作的开展和不可移动文物的普查,该地区发现了大量有价值的土家族民风民采。鱼木寨是国内保留最为完好的土家寨堡,这里有丰富的自然资源、生活建筑、军事建筑、墓葬建筑,有独特的民风民俗,以及工艺精湛的墓碑石刻和惊险奇特的古栈道。其中当地的古民居、古墓葬更是工艺精湛,吸引众多学者对此进行研究,它是当地生产力发展水平和民族生存状况的真实体现。鱼木寨研究不仅对当地旅游经济的发展有着巨大的作用,也对利川地区文化遗产研究保护有着重要意义。纵观以往的研究,对鱼木寨古民居、古墓葬等方面还没有很系统地进行探索,学者们较多的关注单个古民居建筑或单个古墓葬的研究,缺乏从整体布局等方面考量古民居和古墓葬的相对关系。鱼木寨古民居年代为清至民国,古墓葬年代始于明末,多建成于清同治、光绪年间。鱼木寨地区对于其古民居古墓葬文物点年代方面的分析研究较少,没有形成具体的年代体系。笔者拟通过实地调查鱼木寨当地的古民居、古墓葬建筑,统计分析文物点的具体年代,了解鱼木寨古民居墓葬的历史发展变迁特点,把握其发展规律,探讨其发展演变与当地社会历史文化发展的联系。本文通过对鱼木寨古民居、古墓葬的整体研究,其研究结论主要有:第一,鱼木寨当地的古民居与古墓葬建筑都保存着较好的文化艺术风格,既保存了当地的特色,也有明显的外来特征,展示了文化的交融。第二,古民居传承发展规律:整体来说鱼木寨民居从空间分布上来说,分布较分散,从纵向发展来看,古民居从清代到民国时期,古民居没有明显的变化趋势,在横向和纵向发展中共同构成了鱼木寨古民居的整体特色。第三,古墓葬传承发展规律:古墓葬的发展变化规律主要体现在结构和装饰上。从结构上来说,古墓葬在清代到民国的发展演变中,从清代中期结构较为简单,到清代晚期为鱼木寨古墓葬发展的高峰期,发展变化依次为庭院复合式结构----碑前楼阁复合式结构——牌坊复合式结构——抱鼓式墓碑结构——单体圣牌式墓碑结构,但是到民国时期,墓碑又变为简单的单体式墓碑结构;从装饰上来说,装饰图案有变化规律可循,清代墓葬图案丰富多样,精美繁复,如有动物纹饰、花草纹、几何纹、人物形象图、“福”字、“寿”字、万字纹等,但是到了民国古墓葬的装饰明显简洁。第四,对于鱼木寨古民居古墓葬的保护与利用,要站在长远利益的角度上,注重鱼木寨当地文化景观与自然景观相结合的发展理念,实现鱼木寨的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Yumu Zhai, located in the northwest of Lichuan City, Enshi City, Hubei Province, is located in Daxing Township, a Tujia ancient village.With the development of cultural relic work and the survey of immovable cultural relics, a large number of valuable Tujia folk customs were discovered in this area.Yu Muzhai is the most well-preserved Tujia walled castle in China. It has abundant natural resources, living buildings, military buildings, grave buildings, unique folk customs, exquisite tombstone inscriptions and strange ancient trestle roads.Among them, the local ancient houses, ancient tombs are exquisite craftsmanship, attract many scholars to study this, it is the development level of local productivity and the real embodiment of the national survival.The study of Yumu Zhai not only plays a great role in the development of local tourism economy, but also plays an important role in the research and protection of cultural heritage in Lichuan area.Throughout the past studies, there has been no systematic exploration of the ancient houses and tombs in Yumuzhai, and scholars have paid more attention to the study of individual houses or tombs.The relative relationship between ancient houses and ancient tombs is not considered from the whole layout and so on.Yumuzhai ancient residence for the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the ancient tomb dating from the late Ming Dynasty, built in the Qing Tongzhi, Guang Xu years.In Yumuzhai area, there is little analysis and research on the ages of ancient houses and ancient tombs, and no specific age system has been formed.The author intends to investigate the local ancient houses, ancient tombs and the specific ages of cultural relic sites, understand the historical development and vicissitude characteristics of the ancient houses, and grasp the law of their development.The relationship between its development and the development of local society, history and culture is discussed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: first, the local ancient houses and tombs of Yumuzhai have better cultural and artistic style, which preserves the local characteristics.There are also obvious foreign characteristics, showing the blend of cultures.Second, the law of the inheritance and development of the ancient folk houses: on the whole, the distribution of the Yumuzhai folk houses is scattered from the spatial distribution, from the vertical development, from the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China, there is no obvious change trend of the ancient houses.In the horizontal and vertical development of the Yumuzhai ancient folk houses constitute the overall characteristics.Third, the law of the inheritance and development of ancient tombs: the development and changes of ancient tombs are mainly reflected in the structure and decoration.In terms of structure, ancient tombs evolved from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. From the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, it was the peak period of the development of Yumuzhai ancient tombs.The order of development and change is the compound structure of courtyard, the compound structure of the pavilion in front of the monument, the compound structure of the archway, the structure of the tombstone with drum, the structure of the single holy card, but in the period of the Republic of China,The tombstone has become a simple monolithic tombstone structure; in terms of decoration, the decorative patterns can be followed, and the tomb patterns of the Qing Dynasty are rich and varied, exquisite and complicated, such as animal ornaments, flowers and plants, geometric patterns, figures and figures, and the word "Fu"."Shou" characters, ten-thousand characters, but to the ancient tombs of the Republic of China, the decoration is clear and concise.Fourth, for the protection and utilization of the ancient tombs of Yumuzhai ancient houses, we should pay attention to the development concept of combining the local cultural landscape and the natural landscape to realize the sustainable development of the Yumuzhai from the perspective of long-term interests.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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