教育经费投入对人力资本地域分布差异与收敛的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 22:28

本文选题：教育经费投入　切入点：人力资本积累　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着经济的快速稳步发展,各地区间的文化差异以及历史发展不均衡,造成各地区的经济发展水平参差不齐。体现在教育方面的有高校的扩招以及教育经费投入水平的不断提升,且教育所产生的人力资本积累在发展过程中出现分布不均衡现象。关于人力资本地域分布差异产生的原因多种多样,为探究教育导致的人力资本积累差异产生的原因,本研究在前人的研究基础上,立足于各地域的实际发展情况,将地区间的经济发展和教育发展结合起来,对教育经费投入与人力资本地域分布差异之间的关系进行详细描述与分析,结合教育学、经济学与数学方面的理论成果,探究教育经费投入对人力资本地域分布差异的作用效果,有利于揭示教育投入对人力资本分布差异的影响强弱,可对教育决策部门提供实证依据,具有一定的实践意义。本文假设人力资本积累是教育经费投入的函数,根据数据的可获得性以及研究的严谨性分别对人力资本存量和教育经费投入选取相应指标进行统计描述,并运用计量方法,采用面板数据分析2000-2013年间我国东部、中部以及西部各不同经济发展水平区域间人力资本分布差异的收敛性,旨在揭示教育经费投入对人力资本分布差异与收敛的影响程度,为教育财政投入政策的更好发展提供现实依据。α-收敛可以理解为不同地区间的差异会随着时间的推移而逐渐缩小;β-收敛则是指基础发展水平较低的地区比基发展水平较高的地方有更高的增长率,在一段时间之后达到与发达地区同样的发展速度,此后一起以同样的速度稳步发展。研究结果显示:(一)全国范围内的人力资本积累均存在α收敛。随着经济的发展、教育投入水平的提高,我国的人力资本积累呈上升趋势,并且区域差异性趋于收敛。总体而言,根据基尼系数的计算结果,我国的人力资本地区差距逐步减小,有α收敛趋势,即,我国2000-2013年的人力资本积累的差异性在逐渐收敛。(二)各区域组间的教育经费投入以及人力资本积累均存在β收敛。通过β收敛性检验,各组间教育经费投入的β值均小于0,即均存在β收敛。(三)教育经费投入增长对人力资本积累的作用。通过回归分析可得,东部地区与中部地区的弹性系数μ=0.00750,即教育经费投入是伴随着人力资本积累的增加而增加的。中部地区与西部地区也存在β收敛,弹性系数μ=0.026690,即西部地区的教育经费投入增长是伴随着人力资本的增长的基础之上的。其次是东部地区与西部地区的弹性系数μ=-0.01690,即西部地区的教育经费投入增长是伴随着人力资本积累的差异扩大而增长的。具体可在以下几个方面努力缩小地区差异:(1)加大教育投入力度,为人力资本积累提供保障;(2)促进地区交流合作,发挥人力资本空间溢出效应;(3)加强经济联动机制,使人力资本发挥经济效应。
[Abstract]:With the rapid and steady development of economy, the cultural differences and historical development of different regions are uneven, resulting in the uneven level of economic development in different regions.In the aspect of education, the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities and the continuous improvement of the level of educational expenditure, and the accumulation of human capital produced by education in the process of development appeared the phenomenon of uneven distribution.In order to explore the causes of the difference in the accumulation of human capital caused by education, this study is based on the actual development of each region on the basis of previous studies.Combining the regional economic development with the educational development, the paper describes and analyzes the relationship between the educational expenditure and the regional distribution of human capital in detail, and combines the theoretical achievements of pedagogy, economics and mathematics.To explore the effect of educational investment on the regional distribution of human capital is helpful to reveal the influence of educational investment on the distribution of human capital. It can provide empirical evidence for educational decision-making departments and has a certain practical significance.This paper assumes that the accumulation of human capital is a function of educational expenditure. According to the availability of data and the rigor of the research, the author chooses the corresponding indexes to describe the stock of human capital and the input of education funds, and uses the metrological method.Using panel data to analyze the convergence of human capital distribution in different regions of eastern, central and western China from 2000 to 2013, in order to reveal the influence of educational investment on the difference and convergence of human capital distribution.伪 -convergence can be understood as that the differences between different regions will gradually decrease with the passage of time, and 尾 -convergence refers to the base development of regions with low basic development level.Where the level is higher, the growth rate is higher.After a period of time to achieve the same pace of development as developed regions, and then along with the same pace of steady development.The results show that there is a convergence of human capital accumulation in the whole country.With the development of economy and the improvement of educational investment, the accumulation of human capital in China is on the rise, and the regional differences tend to converge.In general, according to the results of Gini coefficient, the regional gap of human capital in China gradually decreases, and there is a convergence trend, that is, the difference of human capital accumulation in China from 2000 to 2013 is gradually converging.(2) there is 尾 -convergence in educational investment and human capital accumulation among regional groups.According to the test of 尾 convergence, the 尾 value of educational expenditure in each group is less than 0, that is to say, there is 尾 convergence.(3) the effect of the increase of educational expenditure on the accumulation of human capital.By regression analysis, the elastic coefficient of the eastern and central regions is 0.00750, that is, the investment of education funds increases with the increase of human capital accumulation.There is also 尾 convergence in the central region and the western region, and the elastic coefficient 渭 is 0.026690, that is, the increase of educational investment in the western region is accompanied by the growth of human capital.The second is the elastic coefficient 渭 -0.01690 between the eastern region and the western region, that is, the increase of the investment in education funds in the western region increases with the expansion of the difference in the accumulation of human capital.Specifically, we can make efforts to reduce regional differences in the following areas: 1) increase educational investment, provide protection for human capital accumulation and promote regional exchanges and cooperation, give full play to the spatial spillover effect of human capital and strengthen the economic linkage mechanism.Make human capital exert economic effect.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G40-05

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