夏鹃品种的园林应用综合评价及其适宜诱变条件的初步筛选

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:22

  本文选题：夏鹃 + 园林应用　； 参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：夏鹃(Rhododendron pulchrumm),由 R.indicum 和 R.eriocarpum(Hayata)Nakai杂交或变异而来,种类繁多,花色艳丽,具有较高的观赏价值及经济价值。花期为5月下旬至6月,为杜鹃中开花较晚的品种。目前,我国广泛栽培的杜鹃园艺品种约有300个,但在园林绿化应用中主要以毛鹃为主,存在品种单一,耐热性差,花期主要集中于4～5月等问题,不利于夏季城市园林绿化造景及城市彩化的应用。本文以福建天蓝蓝生态农业发展有限公司引进的83个夏鹃品种为调查对象,建立夏鹃品种资源圃,进行周年栽培与观察,利用AHP层次分析法构建夏鹃品种园林应用综合评价模型,经验证后筛选出综合性状表现优良的夏鹃品种。以'红万重'、'若惠比须'、'紫辰殿'这三个夏鹃品种为试验材料,用不同辐照剂量的高能电子束对半木质化枝条进行物理诱变;以夏鹃品种'戈宾'的幼芽为试验材料,采用不同浓度的化学诱变剂(EMS、NaN_3)对其芽进行不同时长的诱变。通过对诱变处理后枝条成活率的统计和植株形态学指标的测定,探究不同夏鹃品种辐照敏感性差异与其适宜的辐照剂量、以及适宜的EMS及NaN_3诱变模式,为夏鹃品种的园林应用及其诱变育种提供参考。主要研究结果如下:1.初次建立了基于AHP层次分析法的夏鹃品种综合评价体系。根据对14个指标的评价结果,把83个夏鹃品种分为3级:得分4.00分为Ⅰ级,园林应用价值最高,共有'熏凤'、'石岩杜鹃'、'若惠比须'等8个品种;得分4.00～3.05分为Ⅱ级,园林应用价值一般,共有'天章'、'上总紫'、'都贺之春'等48个品种;得分3.05分为Ⅲ级,园林应用价值较低,共有'朝樱'、'壬生之华'、'大杯'等27个品种。2.探究了夏鹃扦插繁殖和嫁接繁殖的适宜辐射剂量。采用处理/对照的成活率为60%～70%的剂量范围作为高能电子束适宜的辐照剂量,采用扦插繁殖的夏鹃品种的适宜辐照剂量为60 Gy～80 Gy,敏感性由高到低为:'紫辰殿''若惠比须''红万重';采用嫁接繁殖的夏鹃品种的适宜辐照剂量为50 Gy～70 Gy,敏感性由高到低为:'若惠比须''紫辰殿''红万重'。3.研究了夏鹃幼芽适宜的EMS和NaN_3诱变条件。随着EMS和NaN_3浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,夏鹃芽的成活率呈逐渐降低趋势。高浓度及长时间的处理对夏鹃幼芽的生长具有显著的抑制作用,导致夏鹃芽出现生长缓慢,节间距缩短,及叶片皱缩、卷曲等变异现象。30mM～60mM处理1d或30mM处理2d为夏鹃合适的EMS诱变条件,其变异率为0.9%～5.3%,芽损伤指数为0.6～6.9,同时,芽损伤指数≥8.2时的诱变处理为致死诱变。6 mM～8 mM处理1 d,6mM处理2d或2mM处理3d为夏鹃适宜的NaN_3诱变条件,其变异率约为0.6～3.5%,芽损伤指数为:3.6～4.7。
[Abstract]:Rhododendron pulchrummium, a variety of species, has a high ornamental value and economic value. It is derived from the hybridization or variation of R.indicum and R.eriocarpum(Hayata)Nakai. The flowering period is from late May to June, which is the late flowering variety of Rhododendron. At present, there are about 300 widely cultivated cultivars of Rhododendron in China, but in the application of garden greening, the main species is Rhododendron, the variety is single, the heat resistance is poor, the flowering period is mainly concentrated in April to May and so on. It is unfavorable to the application of urban landscaping and city color in summer. In this paper, 83 rhododendron varieties introduced by Fujian Tianlan Blue Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd were investigated. The resource nursery of Rhododendron was established, and the annual cultivation and observation were carried out. The comprehensive evaluation model of the garden application of rhododendron was constructed by using AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the varieties with excellent comprehensive characters were selected after verification. Three Rhododendron cultivars, 'Ruohuanzhuo' and 'Zichen Dian', were used as experimental materials. The semi-lignified branches were induced by high energy electron beam with different doses of irradiation, and the young buds of Rhododendron variety 'Gobin' were used as experimental materials. Different concentrations of chemical mutagens EMSN _ 3 were used to mutate the buds for different duration. Based on the statistics of the survival rate of branches after mutagenesis and the determination of plant morphological indexes, the difference of irradiation sensitivity and the appropriate dose of irradiation in different cultivars of Rhododendron were studied, as well as the suitable mutagenic mode of EMS and NaN_3. It provides reference for garden application and mutation breeding of rhododendron. The main results are as follows: 1. The comprehensive evaluation system of rhododendron cultivars based on AHP analytic hierarchy process was established for the first time. According to the evaluation results of 14 indexes, 83 rhododendron varieties were divided into three grades: the score was 4.00, the value of garden application was the highest, there were 8 varieties, such as' fumigation of Phoenix, 'Ruohui', 'Ruohui' and so on, and the score was 4.000.3.05, which was classified as grade 鈪，

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