农户人力资本投资对乡—城劳动力转移的影响机理与实证检验

发布时间：2018-04-25 01:29

本文选题：健康投资 + 教育投资　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为世界上人口最多的发展中国家,中国的人均耕地面积只有0.1公顷,不足世界平均水平的一半,在这样一个人多地少的国家,城镇化和工业化的推进必然促使农村剩余劳动力向城市和非农产业的大量转移。“农民工”成为中国大规模的乡-城劳动力转移过程中出现的特殊群体,在中国经济共享发展的宏观背景下,如何使农民工市民化是关系城镇化质量和经济结构转型的关键问题。但是农村转移人口的综合素质与人力资本含量较低,农村进城劳动力虽实现了地域转移和职业转换,但就业能力不足,无法在城市扎根落脚,这不仅影响转移人口自身的就业稳定性和生活水平,而且也影响到城镇化质量。农户人力资本投资可以有效的促进农村劳动力人力资本的积累,提升劳动力的综合素质与就业能力,进一步加快农村转移劳动力融入城市,逐渐实现市民化。基于以上现实背景,本文从农户人力资本投资的视角出发,以国内外相关研究为起点,通过对已有研究理论及成果的梳理与总结,探讨农户人力资本投资及其不同投资构成对乡-城劳动力转移的影响。本文以人力资本投资理论、人口流动理论和劳动力转移理论为理论基础,对文章涉及的人力资本、农户人力资本投资、乡-城劳动力转移等概念进行界定,同时对中国农户人力资本投资现状、区域差异、结构差异进行系统考察,并结合中国劳动力转移的具体特征对乡-城劳动力转移的历史阶段进行梳理。然后从劳动力转移主体的决策视角出发分析了影响乡-城劳动力转移的因素,并将人力资本投资函数引入托达罗城乡人口迁移模型构建一个统一的数理分析框架,进行动态均衡分析,揭示了农户人力资本投资对乡-城劳动力转移的影响机制,进一步探究了农户健康投资、教育投资、迁移投资对乡-城劳动力转移的作用机理。在此基础上,运用Stata软件,基于中国1997年至2014年省级面板数据,采用多种计量分析方法对农户健康投资、教育投资、迁移投资对乡-城劳动力转移的影响作用分别从总体和区域层面进行实证检验。最后,结合研究结论从农户人力资本投资角度提出促进乡-城劳动力持续、稳定转移的政策建议。通过理论分析和实证检验,研究发现:(1)农户人力资本投资、农户健康投资、教育投资、迁移投资都有了大幅度的提升,但投资结构产生了较大变化,教育投资占比逐渐降低,迁移投资占比逐年上升,健康投资比重没有发生较大变化。(2)农户人力资本投资、农户健康投资、教育投资、迁移投资都是影响乡-城劳动力转移的关键因素,在控制其他变量的情况下均与乡-城劳动力转移存在长期均衡关系。(3)在全国层面上,各种类型的农户人力资本投资均显著地促进了乡-城劳动力转移。区域层面上,农户人力资本投资、农户健康投资、教育投资、迁移投资对乡-城劳动力转移的影响均具有显著的区域差异,其影响作用表现出从东部地区向西部地区逐渐递减的趋势,到西部地区这一影响作用变为负向。在投资结构上,教育投资对乡-城劳动力转移的影响作用最大,健康投资和迁移投资的影响作用存在区域差异,东、中部地区迁移投资影响最小,西部地区健康投资影响最小。(4)乡-城劳动力转移具有显著的路径依赖特征,由于信息传递的影响,上一期的乡-城劳动力转移对本期表现出显著地促进作用,这一特征在全国样本和分区域样本中均得到了证实。基于上述主要研究结论并结合本文的研究目的,提出以下政策建议:(1)加强农村教育发展,拓展义务教育年限,提高农民教育文化水平,进一步促进教育公平,优化教育资源配置,促进农村劳动力教育人力资本的不断积累。(2)完善公共健康投资政策,加强公共健康向农村地区的投资力度,重视农村医疗卫生保健事业的发展,缓解农户在医疗卫生方面的负担,积极促进农户健康人力资本的积累,为农民非农就业和城镇迁移做好保障。(3)加强农村地区的交通通信等基础设施建设,建立城乡一体的劳动力市场需求信息服务系统,保障劳动力的自由流动,减少劳动力转移过程中的潜在风险,鼓励并引导农民尤其是西部地区农民进行有效的迁移投资,合理有序的引导农民向城市转移。(4)进一步深化户籍制度改革,打破城乡分割藩篱,改善转移劳动力在城市的生活条件,充分利用乡-城劳动力转移的路径依赖特征,为农村潜在的迁移者传递利好消息,提升农村劳动力的转移意愿。
[Abstract]:As the most populous developing country in the world, China's per capita arable land is only 0.1 hectares, less than half of the world's average level. In such a country with fewer people, urbanization and industrialization will inevitably lead to a large transfer of rural surplus labor to cities and non-agricultural industries. "Migrant workers" have become a large scale in China. Under the macro background of China's economic sharing and development, how to make the citizenization of rural migrant workers is the key problem in the transformation of urbanization quality and economic structure, but the comprehensive quality and human capital content of the rural transferred population are low, although the rural labor force has realized the regional transformation. It is not enough to take root in the city, which not only affects the employment stability and living standard of the transfer of the population, but also affects the quality of urbanization. The investment of human capital can effectively promote the accumulation of manpower capital in rural labor, and improve the comprehensive quality and employability of the labor force. To further accelerate the transfer of rural labor force into the city and gradually realize the citizenization. Based on the above realistic background, this paper, starting from the domestic and foreign related research, starts from the perspective of the investment in human capital and studies the existing research theories and achievements, and discusses the investment and different investment of farmers' human capital to the township and city. This paper, based on the theory of human capital investment, the theory of population flow and the theory of labor transfer, defines the concept of human capital, human capital investment, rural labor transfer and so on. At the same time, the present situation, regional differences and structural differences of Chinese farmers' human capital investment are carried out. According to the specific characteristics of the transfer of labor force in China, it combs the historical stage of the rural labor transfer. Then, from the perspective of the decision-making of the labor transfer subject, the factors that affect the rural labor transfer are analyzed, and the human capital investment function is introduced into a unified number of urban and rural population migration model. The analysis framework, dynamic equilibrium analysis, reveals the impact mechanism of farmer's human capital investment on the rural labor transfer, and further explores the mechanism of farmers' health investment, education investment and transfer investment on the rural labor transfer. Based on this, Stata software is used, based on China's provincial panel data from 1997 to 2014. A variety of quantitative analysis methods are used to examine the impact of farmers' health investment, educational investment and transfer investment on rural urban labor transfer from the overall and regional level. Finally, the policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable and stable transfer of rural urban labor force from the perspective of the investment of farmers' human capital. On the basis of analysis and empirical test, it is found that: (1) the investment of farmers' human capital, the healthy investment of farmers, the investment in education and the transfer of investment have been greatly improved, but the investment structure has been greatly changed, the proportion of investment in education is gradually reduced, the proportion of investment and investment is rising year by year, and the proportion of health investment has not changed greatly. (2) the human capital of farmers. The investment, the healthy investment of farmers, the educational investment, the migration and investment are all the key factors that affect the rural labor transfer. In the case of controlling the other variables, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship with the rural labor transfer. (3) in the national level, all kinds of farmers' investment in human capital have significantly promoted the rural labor transfer. On the domain level, there are significant regional differences in the impact of farmers' human capital investment, farmers' healthy investment, educational investment, and migration investment on the rural labor transfer. The impact of this effect shows a gradual decreasing trend from the eastern region to the western region, and the influence of the western region to the western region is negative. In the investment structure, education investment is invested. The impact of capital on rural labor transfer is the most important. There are regional differences in the impact of healthy investment and migration investment. The impact of migration investment in East and central areas is minimal, and the impact of health investment in the western region is minimal. (4) the rural urban labor transfer has a significant path dependence. On the basis of the above main conclusions and the purpose of this study, the following policy suggestions are put forward: (1) strengthen the development of rural education, expand the number of years of educational education, improve the educational level of the peasants, and further improve the educational level of the peasants. To promote educational equity, optimize the allocation of educational resources and promote the continuous accumulation of human capital in rural labor education. (2) improve public health investment policy, strengthen the investment of public health to rural areas, pay attention to the development of rural medical and health care, alleviate the burden of farmers in medical and health, and actively promote the healthy people of farmers. The accumulation of force capital will guarantee farmers' non-agricultural employment and urban migration. (3) strengthen the infrastructure construction of traffic and communication in rural areas, establish an integrated labor market demand information service system in urban and rural areas, guarantee the free flow of labor force, reduce the potential risks in the transfer process of labor force, encourage and guide farmers, especially West. The farmers in the Ministry of the region have carried out effective migration and investment to guide the transfer of farmers in a reasonable and orderly way. (4) further deepen the reform of the household registration system, break the barriers of urban and rural division, improve the living conditions of the transfer of labor in the city, make full use of the path dependence of the rural labor transfer, and carry out good news for the potential migrants in the countryside. The willingness to transfer the rural labor force.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6

【参考文献】