抽油机选型及节能优化设计方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 22:17

本文选题：抽油机 + 机型优选　；参考：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国石油机械采油井共计17.2万余口,其中抽油机井15万余口,螺杆泵井1万余口。仅大庆油田有抽油机井4.5万余口,占机采井总数的77%,年耗电约36亿千瓦时,占油田生产总耗电量的四分之一以上,能耗巨大。大庆油田普遍存在抽油机选型不合理、载荷利用率低、大马拉小车的问题,抽油机井载荷利用率多在70%以下,造成初期投资浪费、能耗增加严重等诸多问题。随着开发方针调整和开采对象变化,油井产液量变化规律更加复杂,抽油机型号优选原则不明确。抽油机井悬点载荷计算公式不适合聚驱、三元复合驱及低渗透油田的计算,油田常用的双驴头抽油机、下偏杠铃抽油机、塔架式抽油机等缺乏相应的计算模型和优选方法。随着油田生产复杂性日益突出,开发政策需进行相应调整,目前的参数优化方法难以满足要求。现场缺乏拖动装置和抽油机的合理匹配方法。本文首先分别研究了异相型抽油机、双驴头抽油机、下偏杠铃抽油机和塔架式抽油机的悬点运动规律,包括悬点位移、速度、加速度和扭矩因子随曲柄转角变化规律,并建立计算模型,之后考虑每种类型抽油机悬点运动规律,建立了不同类型抽油机悬点载荷随位移变化关系的计算模型。通过分析抽油机悬点载荷的主要影响因素,提出了分别针对水驱、聚驱、三元复合驱和低渗透油田的最大、最小载荷计算经验公式。在此基础上,根据抽油机结构参数,计算抽油机扭矩因子,根据实测示功图得到负载扭矩;根据平衡方式计算平衡扭矩;考虑平衡状况和传动效率,建立不同类型抽油机扭矩计算模型,可准确模拟曲柄轴净扭矩随曲柄转角变化规律。根据现场不同类型抽油机井实测示功图,分别回归了异相型抽油机井、双驴头抽油机井和下偏杠铃抽油机井的最大扭矩计算模型,并通过统计现场抽油机破坏情况,分析抽油机破坏概率与载荷利用率和使用时间的关系,建立求解破坏概率的模型,同时考虑抽油机的经济寿命,综合得到抽油机的合理载荷利用率以及抽油机的合理扭矩利用率,最终通过分析抽油机的节能原理,建立了抽油机优选原则。分析不同类型抽油机在不同工况条件下的节能状况,总结出各种抽油机的适应条件与范围。通过在大庆油田进行的现场应用,累计实施3848口井,降投资约1.7亿元,节电17388万千瓦时,创经济效益27780.86万元。
[Abstract]:There are more than 172000 CNPC mechanical oil wells, including 150000 pumping wells and 10, 000 screw pump wells. There are only more than 45000 pumping wells in Daqing Oilfield, which account for 77% of the total number of mechanical wells. The annual electricity consumption is about 3.6 billion kilowatt-hours, which accounts for more than 1/4 of the total production power consumption in the oil field, and the energy consumption is huge. There are many problems in Daqing oilfield such as unreasonable type selection of pumping unit low load utilization rate and small car drawing. The load utilization ratio of pumping well is less than 70% which results in the initial investment waste and serious increase of energy consumption and so on. With the adjustment of development policy and the change of exploitation object, the variation law of oil well liquid production is more complicated, and the principle of model selection of pumping unit is not clear. The calculation formula of suspended point load of pumping unit well is not suitable for polymer flooding. The calculation of ASP flooding and low permeability oil field, the double donkey head pumping unit, the lower partial barbell pumping unit, the tower pumping unit and so on, are lack of the corresponding calculation model and optimal selection method. With the increasing complexity of oilfield production, the development policy needs to be adjusted accordingly, and the current parameter optimization methods are difficult to meet the requirements. There is a lack of a reasonable matching method between the drive device and the pumping unit on the spot. In this paper, the motion laws of suspension point of heterogeneous pumping unit, double donkey head pumping unit, lower offset barbell pumping unit and tower pumping unit are studied respectively, including the change of suspension displacement, velocity, acceleration and torque factors with crank rotation angle. The calculation model is established, and then considering the motion rule of each type of pumping unit, the calculation model of the relation between the load of different type pumping unit and the displacement is established. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the suspended load of the pumping unit, the empirical formulas for calculating the maximum and minimum loads of water flooding, polymer flooding, ASP flooding and low permeability oil fields are put forward respectively. On this basis, according to the structural parameters of the pumping unit, the torque factor of the pumping unit is calculated, the load torque is obtained according to the measured indicator diagram, the balance torque is calculated according to the balance mode, and the balance condition and transmission efficiency are considered. The calculation model of different types of pumping unit torque can be established to accurately simulate the variation of the net torque of crank shaft with the angle of crank rotation. According to the measured performance diagram of different types of pumping unit wells, the maximum torque calculation models of heterogeneous pumping wells, double-donkey head pumping wells and downward-skewed barbell pumping wells are regressed, and the damage of pumping units on the spot is counted. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the damage probability of pumping unit and load utilization ratio and service time, a model to solve the failure probability is established, and the economic life of pumping unit is considered. The rational load utilization ratio and the rational torque utilization ratio of the pumping unit are obtained synthetically. Finally, by analyzing the energy saving principle of the pumping unit, the optimum selection principle of the pumping unit is established. The energy saving conditions of different pumping units under different operating conditions are analyzed and the adaptive conditions and ranges of various pumping units are summarized. Through the field application in Daqing Oilfield, 3848 wells have been implemented, the investment is about 170 million yuan, the power saving is 173.88 million kilowatt-hours, and the economic benefit is 277.8086 million yuan.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1

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