辽西半干旱地区花生膜下滴灌灌溉制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:22

本文选题：辽西 + 半干旱　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：辽宁省西部地区时常发生严重旱灾,花生大面积减产,为解决这一难题,在当地进行花生种植。利用实际与理论相结合的方法,并以数理统计、节水灌溉技术和计算机应用技术为辅助工具与手段。在不同灌水条件下,分析各处理花生土壤含水率动态变化、生长及生理动态、需水规律、产量和效益等指标,并初步制定了适合当地的花生膜下滴灌灌溉制度,主要研究成果如下：(1)降水或灌水会使土壤含水量会升高,对浅层土壤提高较为显著,对深层土壤影响不显著,但随着灌溉定额的提高,会加剧对深层土壤含水量的影响。在灌溉定额—定的情况下,灌溉较为频繁的处理,浅层土壤含水量会保持较优的含水状态。(2)不同灌水对花生生长及生理指标的影响：在全生育期内,花生的各项生长及生理指标增长速率均表现为…熳—快—慢”的规律,在灌溉次数不变时,花生的各项生长及生理指标随着灌溉定额的增大而增加；在灌溉定额一定的情况下,灌溉次数与生长及生理各项指标基本呈正相关关系,并且灌水处理花生的各项生长及生理指标均大于不灌溉CK处理。(3)花生需水量的变化规律：苗期和饱果期花生需水量较小,花针期和结荚期需水量较大；灌溉次数不变时,需水量与灌溉定额成正比。不同灌溉定额水平下,灌溉次数对其影响表现不同。通过水量平衡方程计算得出膜下滴灌花生在全生育期内的需水量约为244.8mm-296.4mm.(4)不同灌水对花生品质指标的影响：适当频繁的灌溉可以提高花生籽仁中蛋白质、脂肪及亚油酸的含量,但会降低籽仁中油酸的含量；灌溉定额对花生籽仁的脂肪含量具有抑制作用,对亚油酸含量具有促进作用；CK处理各品质指标在各灌溉处理中处于中等水平。(5)不同灌水处理花生产量对比分析：灌溉定额及灌溉次数与产量呈正相关关系。T3I3处理产量最大,达到6982.5kg·hm-2,较CK增产高达40.5%, CK处理最低,产量仅为4971 kg·hm-2。13处理平均产量较I2和I1处理分别高6.7%和20.8%,T3处理平均产量较T2和T1处理分别高0.4%和4.0%。单株果数及秕果数随着灌溉次数及灌溉定额的增加而增加,呈正相关关系；百果重、百仁重及出仁率随着灌溉次数及灌溉定额的增加而减小。(6)花生水分利用率差异分析：灌溉定额和灌溉次数的增加可以提高花生水分利用效率；但灌溉定额过度增大,不仅不会提高水分利用效率,还会降低水分利用效率。膜下滴灌条件下,花生水分生产效率最大的为T3I3处理,达到2.354kg·m3,其次为T2I3处理,为2.344kg·m-3,水分生产效率最小的为T1I1处理,为1.937kg·m-3,CK处理在所有处理中处于中下等水平,为2.029kg·m-3。(7)不同灌溉处理之间的经济效益具有明显的差异。T2I3处理经济效益最高,达12603元hm-2,T3I1处理经济效益最低,仅为8448元hm-2,CK处理位列第七位,为9549元.hm-2。I3处理经济效益平均值为12462元·hm-2,较I2和b处理分别高11.9%和44.8%。(8)膜下滴灌花生灌溉制度的确定：在降雨量较少的半干旱年,充分考虑水分利用效率、产量、品质、投入成本、总产出和经济效益等因素,制定了几个具有代表性的灌溉制度：①以品质和产量指标为主,优先选取T1I1处理的灌溉制度；②以水分利用率、产量及生长态势为主,优先选取T2h和T3I3处理的灌溉制度；③以投入成本和经济效益收益为主,优先选取T2I3处理的灌溉制度。本研究结果解决了辽宁省西部半干旱地区花生膜下滴灌技术中一些亟待解决的问题,为作为辽西膜下滴灌花生种植的理论依据,对辽西部半干旱区花生膜下滴灌推广具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In the western part of Liaoning, severe droughts often occur, and peanuts are reduced in large areas. In order to solve this problem, peanut planting is carried out locally. Using the combination of practice and theory, mathematical statistics, water saving irrigation technology and computer application technology are used as auxiliary tools and means. Under different irrigation conditions, the peanut soil is analyzed in different irrigation conditions. The dynamic changes of water rate, growth and physiological dynamics, water requirements, yield and benefits, and preliminary formulation of the local drip irrigation system for peanut under film, the main research results are as follows: (1) precipitation or irrigation will increase the soil moisture content, the height of shallow soil is more significant, and the influence on deep soil is not significant, but with irrigation, but with irrigation The increase of the quota will aggravate the influence on the water content in the deep soil. Under the condition of irrigation quota - fixed, irrigation is more frequent, the water content in the shallow soil will keep the better water content. (2) the effects of different irrigation on the growth and physiological indexes of peanut: the growth rate of peanut and the growth rate of physiological indexes during the whole growth period All of them are... When the irrigation times were constant, the growth and physiological indexes of peanut increased with the increase of irrigation quota. Under the certain irrigation quota, the number of irrigation times had a positive correlation with the growth and physiological indexes, and the growth and physiological indexes of the irrigated peanuts were all greater than that of non irrigation. CK treatment. (3) the change rule of the water requirement of peanut: the water requirement of the peanut at the seedling stage and the full fruit period is small, the water requirement of the flower needle and the Poding period is larger; the water requirement is proportional to the irrigation quota when the irrigation times are constant. The irrigation times are different under the different irrigation quota level. The drip irrigation flower under the water balance equation is calculated. The water demand in the whole growth period is about 244.8mm-296.4mm. (4) the effect of different irrigation on the quality of peanut quality: appropriate frequent irrigation can increase the content of protein, fat and linoleic acid in peanut kernel, but reduce the content of oleic acid in seed kernel; the irrigation quota has a inhibitory effect on the fat content of the seed kernel of the seed. Acid content has a promotion effect, and the quality indexes of CK treatment are at medium level in each irrigation treatment. (5) comparison and analysis of peanut yield in different irrigation treatments: the irrigation quota and irrigation times and yield are positively correlated with the yield of.T3I3. The yield is 6982.5kg. Hm-2, the increase of yield is up to 40.5%, CK is the lowest, and the yield is only 4971 kg. The average yield of hm-2.13 treatment was 6.7% and 20.8% higher than that of I2 and I1 respectively. The average yield of T3 treatment was 0.4% higher than that of T2 and T1 treatment, and the number of single fruit per plant and the number of blighted fruit increased with the increase of irrigation times and irrigation quota, and the weight of 100 nuts, the weight of kernel weight and the rate of kernel yield decreased with the increase of irrigation times and irrigation quota. (6) analysis on the difference of water utilization ratio of peanuts: the increase of irrigation quota and irrigation times can increase the water use efficiency of peanuts, but the excessive increase of the irrigation quota will not only not improve the water use efficiency, but also reduce the water use efficiency. Under the condition of drip irrigation, the maximum efficiency of peanut water production is T3I3 treatment, reaching 2.354kg m. 3, followed by T2I3 treatment, 2.344kg M-3, the minimum water production efficiency is T1I1 treatment, 1.937kg M-3, CK treatment in all treatments in the middle and lower levels, for 2.029kg. M-3. (7) different economic benefits between different irrigation treatment, the economic benefits of.T2I3 treatment is the highest, up to 12603 yuan hm-2, T3I1 treatment economic benefit is the lowest. Only 8448 yuan hm-2, CK processing rank seventh, 9549 yuan.Hm-2.I3 processing economic benefit average value of 12462 yuan. Hm-2, 11.9% and 44.8%. (8) drip irrigation system under I2 and B treatment, respectively: in the semi dry year of less rainfall, full consideration of water use efficiency, yield, quality, input cost, total output and economy. Several representative irrigation systems have been formulated as follows: firstly, the irrigation system treated by T1I1 is selected as the priority of quality and yield indicators, and second is the water utilization rate, yield and growth situation, and the irrigation system treated by T2h and T3I3 should be selected first; thirdly, the priority is to select the T2I3 place with the input and economic benefits. The results of this study have solved some problems that need to be solved in the drip irrigation technique of peanut film under the semi arid area of Western Liaoning province. It is of great significance to the popularization of peanut drip irrigation in the semi arid region of western Liaoning Province as a theoretical basis for the planting of peanuts under the drip irrigation in the western Liaoning Province.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S565.2;S275.6

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