辽宁大伙房水库受水区居民生态补偿意愿与给付研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 14:29

本文选题：水源地 + 生态补偿　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,是万物赖以生存的根基,是我们人类生活、生产和发展不可缺少的必要自然资源,水对于人类社会进步来说是具有重要促进作用,是不可替代的宝贵自然资源。水资源中的淡水资源尤为重要,当今,全世界可以为人类所利用的淡水资源总量大致是每年3.45万亿立方米,整个人类每年淡水使用需求总量大致是2.6万亿立方米到3.5万亿立方米,可见淡水资源面对人类的高需求量来说,将要显现出水资源的稀缺性。初步估算到2025年的时候,全球将有近50个国家和35亿人口将会出现水资源数量严重不足的问题。另外,水资源浪费的现象时有发生,人为因素对于水资源生态环境造成的污染和破坏情况也日益严重,又出现了水资源质量问题。这些足以说明了人类以往“资源无限,环境无价”想法已经不符合当前实际情况了,那种总是认为水资源是“取之不尽,用之不竭”的观念也必须予以改变。人类在向大自然大量索取水资源的同时,必须要回报于大自然,需要正确有效地处理好人类社会经济发展与水资源生态环境保护建设之间的协调平衡关系。针对于保护与建设水源地生态环境,我国政府虽说也制定了一些应对政策,并且也收到了一定的良好效果,不过还是没有能彻底解决水源地经济发展滞后问题。水源地地区为了水资源生态环境保护与建设,在经济上依然付出了沉重地代价与牺牲,这主要表现为水源地当地财政负担过重、经济发展缓慢、产业发展被限制而造成机会成本损失、居民经济收入减少。与之相比的受水区获得所需水资源,经济较为发达,受益居民生活水平较高,享受到经济发展所带来的福祉。水源地和受水区两地之间难免会因为水资源而出现经济利益矛盾和冲突,在一定程度上影响了我国社会主义和谐社会的构建。水源地生态补偿,对于水质保护和水安全十分重要,具有重大战略和现实意义。(2)当今非常有必要实施水源地生态补偿,水源地生态补偿实际上是一种行之有效的妥善协调相关的各个利益有关方之间利益关系的重要手段,它能有效保证受水区给予水源地相应的生态补偿,当然这种生态补偿既可以是经济形式,也可以是非经济形式。如果水资源利益有关各方能够认真贯彻与实施水源地生态补偿,那么就会促进水源地与受水区两者区域经济平衡发展,缩小因水资源造成的经济发展差距,实现水源地生态环境的可持续发展。本文依据实际情况,明确出辽宁大伙房水库水资源提供民用生活用水的对象主要是受水区抚顺市、沈阳市、辽阳市、鞍山市、盘锦市、营口市和大连市七城市市辖区居民,文中所提居民如不做特殊说明都是指市辖区居民。论文着重研究了以沈阳市、大连市、鞍山市和抚顺市这四个具有代表性的城市居民生态补偿支付意愿及其影响因素,测算了基于居民补偿意愿的年人均生态补偿支付水平及其修正值、年生态补偿金总额,提出以居民生活用水量为参考依据的水源地生态补偿金给付途径。经过对调查数据采集,使用SPSS17.0统计软件分析发现,四城市居民生态补偿支付意愿受性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入与家庭月水费支出影响显著。调查数据分析结果显示:沈阳市、大连市、鞍山市和抚顺市四城市居民生态补偿意愿年人均支付水平(修正值)分别为139.15元(修正值为99.07元)、153.13元(修正值为113.76元)、139.08元(修正值为88.01元/)和109.98元(修正值为80.61元);各城市居民年支付总额分别为1.936亿元、1.312亿元、0.490亿元和0.471亿元,合计总额为4.209亿元/年;推算受水区七城市居民补偿意愿年人均生态补偿金支付水平为132.15元(修正值为95.05元),年生态补偿金总额为4.942亿元。通过水资源价值法、成本法与水质水量法三种方法测算辽宁大伙房水库水源地年生态补偿金额,测算结果分别为28.887亿元,4.778亿元与3.929亿元。将这三种方法测得的年生态补偿金额与本文采取的支付意愿法测得的年生态补偿金总额4.942亿元进行比较分析后,认为受水区城市居民合理支付生态补偿水平应该是介于支付意愿法测得的生态补偿金与水量水质法测得的生态补偿金两者之间,建议取两者之间的中点值4.436亿元做为合理年生态补偿金总额;85.32元作为合理年人均生态补偿金额度,这一研究结论具有现实意义与可行性。提出了以单位水量的生态补偿金与水价决定的承担系数确定受水区各城市居民应该支付生态补偿金额度;以流域面积和入库水量决定的贡献系数来确定水源地各地区间生态补偿金分配额度。具体来说,全文共分为七章,各章主要内容分别是:第一章是绪论。阐明论文选题背景与论文研究意义,并且列举出了大量的国内和国外的有关水源地生态补偿的研究成果加以总结评价,说明论文主要的研究方法、写作思路,创新点与存在的不足。第二章是水源地生态补偿基础理论。主要包括经济学、生态学与资源环境学三大领域理论。各个基础理论错综复杂地具有一定的内在关联性,由此提供了测算水源地生态补偿意愿支付水平、分析水源地生态补偿支付意愿影响因素的理论框架。第三章是水源地生态环境与生态补偿现状分析。从自然、经济与水资源生态环境三方面分析了水源地生态环境现状,比较了国内外水源地生态补偿情况后阐述辽宁大伙房水库水源地生态补偿现状,进而提出水源地生态补偿的必要性。第四章是居民生态补偿意愿调查与支付水平分析。首先介绍了CVM法,其次较为详细地说明对四城市进行居民生态补偿支付意愿调查问卷的设计、调查样本的选择、调查的组织与实施以及调查数据描述;再次就市辖区居民生态补偿支付意愿状况调查进行分析;最后通过CVM法调查分析了四个受水城市整体居民补偿意愿支付水平、不同城市居民补偿意愿支付水平与不同因素影响的城市居民补偿意愿支付水平。第五章是居民生态补偿支付意愿影响因素分析。对居民生态补偿支付意愿影响因素做了一些假设,结合调查问卷数据使用SPSS17.0统计软件进行单变量检验并且构建了居民生态补偿支付意愿Logistic回归模型。在构建模型的基础之上,分别从单个城市居民与四城市整体居民两个方面分析了影响城市居民生态补偿支付意愿显著影响因素。第六章是基于居民补偿意愿的生态补偿金给付途径。通过水资源价值、成本法、水量水质法三种方法来比较CVM法测算的生态补偿金,提出CVM法测得的生态补偿金具有一定合理性与可行性,确定七城市基于居民支付意愿的合理生态补偿金额度是年4.436亿元,年人均合理支付水平85.32元。提出受水区各城市居民按照以承担系数确定的生态补偿金进行支付,水源地各地区间按照贡献系数确定的生态补偿金进行分配。第七章是研究结论与政策建议。研究结论主要包括水源地居民受偿标准有待提高、在水费里增加生态补偿金现实可行、居民支付意愿受不同因素影响有显著差异、居民生态补偿意愿支付额度必须具有合意性。针对研究结论提出加强居民对生态补偿的宣传力度和参与意识、建立水价与生态补偿金联动机制、提高居民文化程度和水资源使用效率、制定合理的基于居民支付意愿的生态补偿标准等政策建议。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, the foundation on which everything depends. It is indispensable natural resources for our human life, production and development. Water is an important and irreplaceable natural resource for the progress of human society. The fresh water resources in water resources are particularly important. Today, the world can be used by mankind. The total amount of fresh water resources is approximately 3 trillion and 450 billion cubic meters per year. The total human demand for fresh water is roughly 2 trillion and 600 billion cubic meters to 3 trillion and 500 billion cubic meters per year. The scarcity of water resources will be revealed in the face of high demand for human beings. It is estimated that by 2025, there will be nearly 50 countries and 35 of the world. There will be a serious shortage of water resources. In addition, the phenomenon of the waste of water resources occurs, the pollution and destruction caused by human factors to the ecological environment of water resources are increasingly serious, and the quality of water resources has appeared. These are enough to show that the idea of "unlimited resources and unvaluable environment" has already been explained. The idea that the water resources are always "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" must be changed without the current actual situation. At the same time, human beings must pay back to the nature and deal with the development of human society and economy and the protection of the ecological environment of water resources correctly and effectively. In order to protect and construct the ecological environment of the water source land, our government has made some countermeasures, and has received some good results, but it still has not completely solved the lagging problem of the economic development of the water source area. The area of water source area is economically dependent on the protection and construction of the water resources and the ecological environment. However, the heavy cost and sacrifice are paid, which is mainly manifested in the heavy local financial burden of the water source, the slow economic development, the restriction of the industrial development and the loss of the opportunity cost and the decrease of the income of the residents. The economic development is relatively high, the living standard of the beneficiary residents is higher and the economic development is enjoyed. The welfare of the water source area and the water receiving area is unavoidable because of the contradiction and conflict between the economic interests and the water resources. It has influenced the construction of the socialist harmonious society in our country to a certain extent. The ecological compensation of the water source area is very important to the water quality protection and water safety. (2) it is very important today. It is necessary to carry out the ecological compensation of the water source, and the ecological compensation of the water source is an effective and effective means to properly coordinate the related interests of all stakeholders. It can effectively guarantee the corresponding ecological compensation to the water source in the water area. Of course, this ecological compensation can be both economic and non economic. Form. If the stakeholders of the water resources interests can conscientiously implement and implement the ecological compensation of the water source land, it will promote the regional economic balance development between the water source and the water receiving area, reduce the economic development gap caused by the water resources, and realize the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the water source area. According to the actual situation, this paper makes clear the Liaoning gang. The main object of the water resources of the reservoir water supply is the residents in the seven city districts of Fushun, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin, Yingkou and Dalian. The residents in the article refer to the residents in the city. The paper focuses on the study of Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Fushun. Four representative urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation and its influencing factors, calculate the annual per capita ecological compensation payment level and its revised value based on the residents' compensation will. SPSS17.0 statistical software analysis showed that the four urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation was significantly affected by sex, age, educational level, family income and family monthly water expenditure. The results of the survey data analysis showed that the annual per capita payment level of residents in four cities in Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Fushun City (Revised) 139.15 yuan (revised value of 99.07 yuan), 153.13 yuan (corrected value of 113.76 yuan), 139.08 yuan (corrected value of 88.01 yuan /) and 109.98 yuan (revised value of 80.61 yuan), the total annual payment of urban residents was 193 million 600 thousand yuan, 131 million 200 thousand yuan, 49 million yuan and 47 million 100 thousand, total total amount of 420 million 900 thousand yuan per year; the compensation for the compensation of residents in the water receiving area. The annual per capita ecological compensation payment level is 132.15 yuan (revised value of 95.05 yuan), and the annual ecological compensation amount is 494 million 200 thousand yuan. The annual ecological compensation amount of Liaoning Dahuofang reservoir is calculated by the water resource value method, cost method and water quality and water method, and the estimated results are 2 billion 888 million 700 thousand yuan, 477 million 800 thousand yuan and 392 million 900 thousand yuan respectively. After comparison and analysis of the annual ecological compensation amount measured by these three methods and the total annual ecological compensation 494 million 200 thousand yuan measured by the method of payment will in this paper, it is considered that the ecological compensation level of urban residents in the water area should be the ecological compensation measured by the method of payment willingness and the method of water quality and water quality measured by the willingness to pay method. Between the two, it is suggested that the middle point value of 443 million 600 thousand yuan between the two is taken as the total annual ecological compensation total; 85.32 yuan as a reasonable annual per capita ecological compensation amount, this research conclusion is of practical significance and feasibility. The amount of ecological compensation should be paid, and the contribution coefficient determined by the area of the basin and the amount of water content should be used to determine the allocation of ecological compensation in each area of the water source. In particular, the full text is divided into seven chapters. The main contents of the chapters are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. The research results of ecological compensation of water source land at home and abroad are summarized and evaluated, which illustrates the main research methods, writing ideas, innovation points and shortcomings. The second chapter is the basic theory of ecological compensation for water sources, mainly including economics, ecology and resource environment theory in three fields. The basic theories are complex and complex. The third chapter is the analysis of the ecological environment and the current situation of ecological compensation in the water source area, and analyzes the ecological ring of the water source area from three aspects of nature, economy and water resources. The status of ecological compensation in water source land at home and abroad is compared, and the ecological compensation status of Liaoning Dahuang Fang reservoir is expounded, and the necessity of ecological compensation is put forward. The fourth chapter is the survey of residents' willingness to compensate for ecological compensation and the analysis of the level of payment. First, the CVM method is introduced, and it is more detailed to explain the residents' living in four cities. The design of the questionnaire of state compensation willingness to pay, the selection of the sample, the organization and implementation of the investigation, and the description of the survey data, and the analysis of the status of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation in the municipal district. Finally, the compensation level of the four urban residents' compensation will be analyzed by the CVM method, and the compensation for the residents in different cities is compensated. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the factors affecting the willingness to pay for urban residents' ecological compensation. The fifth chapter makes some assumptions on the influencing factors of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation, and uses the questionnaire data to make single variable test with SPSS17.0 statistics and build the livelihood of the people's livelihood. Logistic regression model of state compensation payment intention. On the basis of the construction model, the significant factors affecting urban residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation are analyzed from two aspects of individual urban residents and four urban residents. The sixth chapter is the way of ecological compensation payment based on Residents' compensation will. This method, three methods of water quality and water quality method to compare the ecological compensation calculated by the CVM method, put forward the rationality and feasibility of the ecological compensation obtained by the CVM method. The reasonable ecological compensation amount of the seven cities based on the residents' willingness to pay is 443 million 600 thousand yuan, and the annual per capita reasonable payment level is 85.32 yuan. According to the ecological compensation which is determined by the bearing coefficient, the ecological compensation funds determined by the contribution coefficient are allocated among the regions of the water source area. The seventh chapter is the research conclusion and the policy suggestion. The conclusion mainly includes the improvement of the standard of compensation for the residents in the water source area, and the practical feasibility of increasing the ecological compensation in the water fee and the payment of the residents. There are significant differences in the influence of different factors. The amount of the residents' willingness to pay for ecological compensation must be consensual. In view of the research conclusions, it is proposed to strengthen the publicity and participation consciousness of the residents for ecological compensation, to establish a linkage mechanism between water price and ecological compensation, to improve the residents' cultural degree and the efficiency of water resources, and to make rational based on the residents. Policy recommendations such as the ecological compensation standard for the willingness to pay.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213.4;X321

【参考文献】