广东省某规模化猪场母猪淘汰情况调查与原因分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 02:37

本文选题：母猪 + 淘汰　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：主动淘汰母猪可维持母猪群合理的胎次结构、保证母猪群高产、稳产,提高猪场经济效益；母猪被动淘汰率过高将影响猪场生产的稳定,增加养殖成本。为探明影响广东省某规模化猪场母猪繁殖寿命原因,我们采用临床观察、实地跟踪记录和数据统计分析等研究方法进行调查与分析,结果如下：2015年5月至2016年2月,该场母猪月均存栏1350头,其间共淘汰母猪485头,猪场淘汰率为35.93%。由于该场建场不足3年,该场母猪主动淘汰率为0,被动淘汰率为100%。不同月份中母猪淘汰头数有所不同,而10月份淘汰的母猪数最多,比例为4.87%；12月份母猪淘汰数次之,比例为4.52%；2月份淘汰母猪数最少,比例为2.41%。在各淘汰原因中,因繁殖障碍、子宫内膜炎、肢蹄病、死亡和其他原因淘汰的比例分别为：25.57%、42.47%、7.01%、19.67%和5.98%；因子宫内膜炎和繁殖障碍淘汰的母猪比例为68.04%,占淘汰母猪总数的一半以上,为该场母猪淘汰的主要原因；而子宫内膜炎为该场母猪淘汰的最主要原因。在各胎次淘汰的母猪中,以3胎和4胎母猪淘汰的比例最大,占到母猪淘汰总数的55.06%,超过半数以上；其中3胎母猪淘汰最多,占31.55%。5胎母猪淘汰的最少,仅占6.80%。在母猪死亡情况调查中,因急性胃肠胀气、产后高烧、难产及子宫脱、消化道出血、长期不食和其他原因死亡的母猪,占母猪死亡总数的比例分别为28.26%、15.22%、30.43%、5.43%、14.04%和7.61%；母猪因难产及子宫脱死亡比例最高,急性胃肠胀气次之。在对造成母猪子宫内膜炎的分娩因素调查中发现：该场有过掏胎助产经历的母猪发病率为100%(20/20),静脉滴注缩宫素助产,母猪发病25%(1/4),胎衣滞留母猪发病58.11%(43/74),胎儿滞留母猪断奶后发病92.31%(12/13),产程过长母猪断奶后发病67.86%(38/56)。其中,掏胎与未掏胎母猪发生子宫内膜差异极显著(P0.01)；是否使用缩宫素与母猪是否发生子宫内膜炎,二者存在显著差异(P0.05)；胎衣是否滞留与母猪是否发生子宫内膜炎二者之间存在极显著差异(P0.01)；有无胎儿滞留与母猪是否发生子宫内膜炎,二者之间存在极显著差异(P=0.01)；母猪产程过长与母猪产程正常与母猪发生子宫内膜炎,二者存在极显著差异(P0.01)。在母猪体表情况调查中发现：该场眼观母猪体表各部位有明显损伤情况的部位占调查总部位的4.93%。其中,母猪乳盘和前肢臂部损伤最多,分别占母猪体表总损伤部位的16.7%和16.02%。结论：通过调查与分析后发现,该场全年无重大疫情发生,影响母猪淘汰的因素主要为非传染性因素；该场母猪淘汰率为35.93%,均为被动淘汰,淘汰率偏高：母猪子宫内膜炎和繁殖障碍为影响该场母猪淘汰的主要原因；因此,做好母猪子宫内膜炎和繁殖障碍的防治工作,对提高该场母猪繁殖寿命具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The active elimination of sows can maintain a reasonable parity structure of sows, ensure the high yield and stable production of sows, and improve the economic benefits of pig farms. The high passive elimination rate of sows will affect the stability of pig production and increase the breeding cost. In order to find out the reasons that affect the reproductive life of sows in a large-scale pig farm in Guangdong Province, we investigated and analyzed the reasons by clinical observation, field tracking records and statistical analysis of data. The results are as follows: from May 2015 to February 2016, There were 1350 sows per month in this farm, and 485 sows were eliminated, and the elimination rate was 35.933. Since the farm was built for less than 3 years, the active elimination rate and passive elimination rate of sows were 0 and 100, respectively. The number of sows eliminated in different months was different, but the number of sows eliminated in October was the highest, the proportion was 4.87%, the proportion was 4.52% and the proportion was 4.52%, the proportion was 2.41%. Among the reasons for elimination, the proportion of reproductive disorders, endometritis, foot and limb disease, death and other reasons eliminated were respectively 19.67% and 5.98% because of reproductive disorders, 42.47% and 7.01%, respectively; the proportion of sows eliminated due to endometritis and reproductive disorders was 68.04, accounting for more than half of the total number of sows eliminated. Endometritis was the main reason for the elimination of sows. Three and four sows were eliminated the largest proportion, accounting for 55.06% of the total number of sows eliminated, more than half of the total number of sows eliminated, among which 3 sows eliminated the most, accounting for 31.55.5 sows eliminated the least, accounting for 6.80% of the total number of sows eliminated. In the sows death survey, sows died from acute gastrointestinal flatulence, postpartum fever, dystocia, gastrointestinal bleeding, long-term non-eating and other causes. The proportion of death in sows was 28.26%, 15.22%, 30.43% and 5.43%, 14.04% and 7.61%, respectively. The mortality rate of sows due to dystocia and uterine detachment was the highest, followed by acute gastrointestinal flatulence. In the investigation of the factors causing endometritis in sows, we found that the incidence rate of the sows that had the experience of fetching out and giving birth was 100 to 20 / 20, intravenous drip of oxytocin was used to assist the delivery of labor. The morbidity of sows was 25 / 1 / 4 / 4, the incidence of retained sows was 58.11% / 74%, the incidence of fetal retention sows was 92.31% / 12 / 13% after weaning, and the incidence was 67.86% (38 / 56%) after weaning. Among them, the difference of endometrium between fetching and non-fetching sows was extremely significant (P0.01); whether the use of oxytocin was used to induce endometritis in sows, There were significant differences between the two groups (P0.05), the difference between the retention of fetal coat and the occurrence of endometritis in sows (P0.01), and the relationship between the presence of fetus and the occurrence of endometritis in sows. There was a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference between the overlong delivery process of sows and the development of endometritis between sows and sows (P 0.01). In the investigation of sows' body surface, it was found that the obvious damage in different parts of the sows' body surface was 4.933% of the investigation headquarters. The lactation disc and forelimb brachial injuries were the most common in sows, accounting for 16.7% and 16.02% of the total injury sites of sows, respectively. Conclusion: after investigation and analysis, it was found that there was no major epidemic situation in the whole year, the main factors affecting sows elimination were non-communicable factors, and the elimination rate of sows was 35.93, all of which were passive elimination. The elimination rate is high: endometritis and reproductive barrier are the main reasons that affect the sows' elimination, therefore, it is important to improve the reproductive life of sows by doing well the prevention and treatment of endometritis and reproductive barriers.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S828

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