农村金融发展对农村居民收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 19:19

本文选题：农村 + 居民收入差距　；参考：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随经济增长与社会变革,中国农村也发生了历史性变化,农业逐步现代化和产业化,社会主义新农村建设稳步推进,农村居民生活显著改善,但农村居民收入差距也进一步拉大。而不断加剧的农村居民间的贫富不均等,会对社会造成很多潜在危害,如引起犯罪率的增高,社会稳定受到威胁。所以,过大的贫富差距对于中国经济的稳健发展非常不利。由此看来,探索有效缓解农村居民收入差距的途径已日益成为地方政府及学术界的重要议题。而作为推动现代农村经济发展的核心主力军,农村金融是农村经济发展中最为重要的资本要素配置制度,在中国农村经济的发展进程中起着关键性的作用,也因此影响着中国农村居民的收入增长及收入分配。且“三农'问题的解决和社会主义新农村的建设,需要强而有力的农村金融发展来做支持和支撑。因此,更须有一个良好的农村金融发展体系来为农村经济的发展保驾护航,以优化农业生产要素的组合,实现农业更好更快地发展,进而增加农村居民收入水平,缩小农村居民收入差距。本文首先通过回顾国内外相关研究文献,总结研究进展现状,也指出了现有研究所存在的不足之处。其次,本文对农村金融的相关概念进行了界定,对其农村金融发展相关理论、农村居民收入差距相关理论进行了介绍,并对农村金融发展影响农村居民收入差距的理论基础及影响方式进行探讨。再次,鉴于数据的可得性,本文参考相关研究文献,如张敬石和郭沛(2010)、孙玉奎等(2014),测算了中国20个省(市、区)的农村居民基尼系数,并分别对东、中、西部地区农村居民收入差距的现状进行了分析。然后本文基于1997-2013年中国20个省(市、区)的省级面板数据构建面板VAR模型,从全国和地区两个层面,对农村金融发展影响农村居民间的贫富不均等问题进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:从国家层面来看,在统计意义上,农村金融发展规模变动、农村金融效率变动均能引起农村居民收入差距的变化;PVAR估计系数显示,农村金融发展规模正向影响着农村居民收入差距,即农村居民间的贫富不均等问题会随农村金融发展规模的扩大而变得更加严峻,而农村居民间的收入差距受农村金融效率的影响为负向的,即农村居民间的贫富不均等问题会随农村金融效率的提高而被缓解;从东、中、西部地区层面来看,就农村金融发展规模变量而言,对于中部地区农村居民间的贫富差距问题,扩大的农村金融发展规模会对农村居民基尼系数有显著的正向影响,这意味着,中部地区农村金融发展规模的扩大会促使农村居民间贫富差距的加剧,就农村金融效率变量而言,对于西部地区农村居民间的贫富差距问题,提高的农村金融效率对农村居民收入差距的影响是反向且显著的,这意味着随着西部地区农村金融效率的不断提高,农村居民收入差距将不断缩小;结合国家层面及东、中、西部地区层面的方差分解分析结果看,分析影响农村居民收入差距变动的因素中,农村金融效率变动对农村居民基尼系数变动的贡献程度均大于农村金融发展规模。在文章的最后,针对如何发展农村金融,使之更好地为广大农村居民服务,缓解农村居民间的贫富差距问题,提出了若干政策建议。
[Abstract]:With economic growth and social change, the historical changes have taken place in the rural areas of China, the modernization and industrialization of agriculture, the steady advancement of the construction of the new socialist countryside, the remarkable improvement of the life of the rural residents, but the further widening of the income gap between the rural residents. There are many potential hazards, such as the increase of crime rate and the threat of social stability. Therefore, the large gap between the rich and the poor is very bad for the steady development of China's economy. Therefore, it seems that exploring the way to effectively alleviate the income gap of rural residents has become an important issue in the local government and academia. The core force of the exhibition, the rural finance is the most important capital element allocation system in the rural economic development, plays a key role in the development process of China's rural economy, and therefore affects the income growth and the income distribution of the rural residents in China. The strong and powerful rural financial development should be supported and supported. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good rural financial development system to protect the development of rural economy, to optimize the combination of agricultural production factors, to achieve a better and faster development of agriculture, to increase the income level of rural residents and to narrow the income gap of rural residents. First, through reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad, summarizing the status of the research progress, and pointing out the shortcomings of the existing research. Secondly, this paper defines the related concepts of rural finance, introduces the related theories of rural financial development, the theory of rural residents' income gap, and affects rural financial development. In view of the availability of the data, this paper, in view of the availability of the data, has measured the number of rural residents in 20 provinces (cities and districts) of China, such as Zhang Jingshi and Guo Pei (2010), and Sun Yukui (2014), and the income gap of rural residents in East, middle and western regions, respectively. Based on the provincial panel data of 20 provinces (cities and districts) in China for 1997-2013 years, the paper builds the panel VAR model. From the two levels of the country and the region, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the rural financial development affecting the inequality between the rich and the poor among the rural residents. The changes in the scale of financial development and the change of rural financial efficiency can cause the change of the income gap of rural residents. The PVAR estimation coefficient shows that the scale of rural financial development is affecting the income gap of rural residents, that is, the inequality between the rich and the poor among the rural residents will become more severe with the expansion of the rural financial development scale, and the rural residents are living in the rural areas. The income gap of the folk is negatively affected by the rural financial efficiency, that is, the inequality between the rich and the poor among the rural residents will be alleviated with the improvement of the rural financial efficiency. From the East, middle and West level, the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor in the rural areas of the central region and the expansion of the rural residents' gap between the rich and the poor The scale of financial development will have a significant positive impact on the Gene coefficient of rural residents, which means that the expansion of the rural financial development in the central region will increase the gap between the rich and the poor among the rural residents. As for the rural financial efficiency variables, the rural financial efficiency of rural residents in the western region is improved and the rural financial efficiency is improved. The income gap of the village residents is reversed and significant, which means that the income gap of rural residents will be reduced continuously with the continuous improvement of the rural financial efficiency in the western region, and the analysis of the variance analysis of the rural residents' income gap is analyzed in the light of the analysis of the variance of the income gap between the rural residents and the rural residents. The contribution degree of the change of financial efficiency to the change of rural residents' Gene coefficient is greater than the scale of rural financial development. At the end of the article, we put forward some suggestions on how to develop rural finance, make it better serve the rural residents and alleviate the gap between the poor and the rich in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8;F832.35

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