我国农村“空心化”的空间统计分析

发布时间：2018-05-25 22:56

本文选题：农村“空心化” + 指标体系　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国目前正处于改革开放新时期,城镇化进程加快,广大农村都出现了人口过疏化、土地资源粗放利用等“空心化”现象。农村“空心化”本质上是农村地域经济社会功能的整体退化。农村“空心化”问题的出现有深刻的社会背景,我国实行的家庭联产承包责任制在一定程度上解放了农村的劳动力,农民不再依赖土地;有关户籍制度的改革也为大量农民向城市转移提供了有利条件;城乡收入差距造成农民向城市中的二三产业转移,农村人口的文化教育水平整体偏低等一系列因素的影响造成农村出现了人口迁移、土地抛荒等现象,最终导致了农村“空心化”的出现。关于我国农村“空心化”问题的研究主要涉及地理学、经济学和社会学等诸多学科,研究成果丰富。本文是以全国30个省(市、区)(不包括西藏)为研究对象,运用空间统计的分析方法,把中国农村“空心化”问题投射到空间层面,主要从土地“空心化”和人口“空心化”两个角度出发通过构建相应的指标体系,利用熵值赋权法来研究我国2012-2014年不同地区的农村“空心化”的静态和动态变化情况,对其时空的分布特征及空间自相关性进行研究,并试图提出其空间分布形式的优化建议。文章分为五个部分。第一部分是绪论部分,介绍了农村“空心化”的研究背景、意义及研究方法,梳理及归纳了国内外有关农村“空心化”的研究综述,提出了本文的创新点是在指标构建及分析方法上。第二部分介绍农村“空心化”的特征,阐述了农村“空心化”的含义及表现形式,农村“空心化”的表现形式有很多,主要是人口“空心化”、土地“空心化”和基础设施“空心化”,并从政治因素、经济因素、文化因素方面分析了我国农村“空心化”的形成机制。第三部分介绍关于农村“空心化”水平的测度,提到了指标体系的构建原则及具体指标的构建,并选用熵值法对农村“空心化”水平进行测度。第四部分是实证部分,研究农村“空心化”主要是土地“空心化”和人口“空心化”的空间分布特征,并在空间地区差异明显的基础上做了空间自相关分析,研究发现,各省市间的农村“空心化”差异明显,从时空演变来说,2012年到2014年农村“空心化”的趋势日益明显,在地区特征上表现为中西部农村“空心化”程度比东部严重;由于地理位置的邻近,农村“空心化”存在空间效应,表现出空间相关性,部分区域有集聚现象;因为农村“空心化”主要与经济的发展有关,为了研究经济发展水平对农村“空心化”的影响程度,所以在这一部分还做了经济发展与农村“空心化”的典型相关分析,结果表明经济发展对农村“空心化”的影响显著。第六部分从人口、土地、经济三个视角提出我国农村“空心化”的政策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the new period of reform and opening up, the process of urbanization is speeding up, the vast rural areas have appeared the phenomenon of "emptiness", such as the population is too sparse, the extensive utilization of land resources and so on. Emptiness in rural areas is essentially the overall degradation of the economic and social functions of rural areas. The emergence of "hollowing" in rural areas has a profound social background. The household contract responsibility system in China has liberated the rural labor force to a certain extent, and farmers are no longer dependent on land. The reform of the household registration system has also provided favorable conditions for a large number of farmers to move to cities; the income gap between urban and rural areas has resulted in the transfer of farmers to the secondary and tertiary industries in the cities. A series of factors, such as the low level of culture and education of the rural population, have caused the phenomenon of population migration and land abandonment in rural areas, which eventually led to the emergence of "hollowing" in rural areas. The research on "hollowing" in rural areas in China mainly involves geography, economics, sociology and so on. In this paper, 30 provinces (cities, districts, excluding Tibet) are taken as research objects, and the problem of "hollowing out" in rural areas of China is projected to the spatial level by using the method of spatial statistics analysis. From the two angles of land "hollowing" and population "hollowing", the static and dynamic changes of rural "hollowing" in different areas of China from 2012-2014 are studied by using entropy weighting method by constructing corresponding index system. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and spatial autocorrelation are studied, and some suggestions for the optimization of their spatial distribution form are proposed. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the research background, significance and research methods of "hollowing" in rural areas, and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on "hollowing" in rural areas. The innovation of this paper is in the method of index construction and analysis. The second part introduces the characteristics of "hollowing" in rural areas, and expounds the meaning and manifestation of "hollowing" in rural areas. There are many forms of "hollowing" in rural areas, mainly "hollowing" in population. The formation mechanism of "hollowing" in rural areas is analyzed from the aspects of political factors, economic factors and cultural factors. The third part introduces the measurement of the level of "hollowing" in rural areas, and points out the construction principles of the index system and the construction of specific indicators. The entropy method is used to measure the level of "hollowing" in rural areas. The fourth part is the empirical part, which mainly studies the spatial distribution characteristics of land hollowing and population hollowing, and makes spatial autocorrelation analysis on the basis of obvious spatial regional differences. The difference of rural "hollowing" between provinces and cities is obvious. From time and space evolution, the trend of rural "hollowness" from 2012 to 2014 is increasingly obvious, and the regional characteristics show that the degree of "hollowness" in the central and western rural areas is more serious than that in the eastern part. Because of the proximity of the geographical location, the "hollowing" in rural areas has a spatial effect, showing spatial correlation and agglomeration in some regions, because the "hollowing" in rural areas is mainly related to the development of the economy. In order to study the influence of economic development level on "hollowing" in rural areas, the typical correlation analysis between economic development and rural "hollowing" is made in this part. The results show that economic development has a significant impact on "hollowing" in rural areas. The sixth part puts forward the policy suggestions of "hollowing" from three perspectives of population, land and economy.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F320

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