昆山市居民健康素养水平变化趋势及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:06

本文选题：健康素养 + 趋势性分析　；参考：《苏州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通过对昆山市2011~2015年居民健康素养监测数据的整理分析,从基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能等三个维度指标,及科学健康观、传染病预防、慢病预防、安全与急救、基本医疗等素养指标体系,了解“十二五”期间昆山市居民健康素养水平变化趋势,寻找主要影响因素,探索科学、有效的健康干预策略,为政府和卫生相关部门制定政策与规划提供参考依据。方法:本研究对象为昆山市15~69周岁常住人口。采用PPS抽样及分层多阶段随机抽样的方法选择抽样地区及居民,使用SPSS19.0对2011~2015年的居民健康素养监测数据进行统计分析。得分在健康素养相关指标知识点总分80%及以上者判断为具备健康素养。目标人群中具备健康素养者的构成比即为该人群的健康素养水平。使用描述性统计分析、卡方分析等方法研究2011年-2015年昆山市居民健康素养水平在“知识-行为-技能”三个方面和主要公共卫生问题等知识点知晓情况的变化趋势。并以2015年健康素养监测数据为基础,使用卡方检验探讨文化程度和职业等人口学因素对人群健康素养水平的影响。结果:昆山市居民健康素养总体水平从2011的18.9%增长到2015年的23.2%,年递增幅度1个百分点左右。居民基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能三个维度的素养水平年间差异具有统计学意义,其中,具有健康生活方式与行为的素养率从2011的11.3%增长到2015年的57.2%,增长幅度较大(?2=462.2,P0.001)。而具有基本知识和理念和健康技能的素养率则分别由2011的31.0%和48.2%下降至2015年的24.1%(?2=53.1,P0.001)和26.7%(?2=439.4,P0.001)。七类公共卫生问题素养水平年间差异具有统计学意义,除科学健康观素养水平五年间变化不大外(27.5%Vs.26.2%),其余6个素养指标水平均有显著提高。通过对2015年居民健康素养影响因素的分析发现,职业(?2=31.836)、文化程度(?2=39.727)是健康素养的影响因素。结论:近五年来,昆山市居民健康素养的总体水平有所提高,处于全国领先水平(2015年,23.2%),但相较于其经济发展水平,仍属于较低水平状态,有进一步提升的空间。目前已逐渐进入平台期,健康教育和健康促进工作是提升居民健康素养的重要手段。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the monitoring data of residents' health literacy in Kunshan City from 2011 to 2015, and to analyze the three dimensions of basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, health skills, scientific health view and prevention of infectious diseases. The index system of chronic disease prevention, safety and first aid, basic medical treatment, etc., to understand the changing trend of health literacy level of residents in Kunshan City during the 12th Five-Year Plan, to find out the main influencing factors, and to explore scientific and effective health intervention strategies. To provide reference for government and health departments to formulate policies and plans. Methods: the object of this study was 1569 years old resident population in Kunshan City. The sampling areas and residents were selected by PPS sampling and stratified multi-stage random sampling. The health literacy monitoring data of residents from 2011 to 2015 were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0. Those who scored 80% or more in the related indicators of health literacy were judged as having health literacy. The constituent ratio of the target population with health literacy is the health literacy level of the target population. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square analysis were used to study the changing trend of the knowledge of health literacy in Kunshan City from 2011 to 2015 in three aspects: knowledge, behavior and skills, and the main public health problems. Based on the data of health literacy monitoring in 2015, we used chi-square test to explore the effect of demographic factors, such as education level and occupation, on the health literacy level of population. Results: the overall level of health literacy in Kunshan increased from 18.9% in 2011 to 23.2b in 2015, with an annual increase of about 1 percentage point. The difference of literacy level in three dimensions of residents' basic knowledge and concept, healthy life style and behavior, and health skill is statistically significant. The literacy rate of healthy lifestyle and behavior increased from 11.3% in 2011 to 57.2% in 2015. The literacy rate with basic knowledge, ideas and health skills decreased from 31.0% and 48.2% in 2011 to 24.1g / 53.1g / P0.001 in 2015, respectively. There was significant difference in the literacy level of seven kinds of public health problems during the past five years. Except for the scientific view of health literacy level in the past five years, there were no significant changes in the literacy level of 27.5Vs.26.20.The other six quality indicators were significantly improved. By analyzing the influencing factors of residents' health literacy in 2015, it was found that the occupational health literacy was 231.836, and the education level was 39.727). Conclusion: in recent five years, the overall level of health literacy of residents in Kunshan City has been improved and is in the leading level in the whole country (2015), but compared with its economic development level, it still belongs to a lower level and has room for further improvement. At present, health education and health promotion are important means to improve residents' health literacy.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R193

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