国家领导人讲话稿中的“把”字句研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:10

本文选题：讲话稿 + “把”字句　；参考：《四川师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语“把”字句的基本语法意义是表示处置,这种功能与人类对世界的干预紧密契合,因此,这种句式能广泛应用于各种语体。目前汉语语法学界对于“把”字句句法语义语用特点及规律的研究,多以文艺语体的作品为主要语料,但这种研究所得出的一些规律、认识不一定适用于其他语体。比如公文经常需要表达对事物、事件的处理意见和方案,这种语用意图使得“把”字句成为这种语体中的高频句式之一。但目前以公文语料来观察“把”字句应用规律的学者更是寥寥无几,已有的研究也相对显得粗略。因此,我们以政论语体语料为基础,观察公文中“把”字句的应用规律,对于公文语言研究既有理论价值又有实践意义。本论文以最高国家领导人的讲话稿为语料基础,共选取讲话稿中1640例“把”字句,以汉语语体语法理论、功能语法与认知语法理论为指导,对讲话稿中“把”字句的特点、规律及成因进行了探讨。本论文共分为六个部分:第一部分为绪论,对讲话稿及“把”字句的研究现状进行了概述,并简要介绍了创新的突破口及理论依据、研究方法。第二部分是对相关概念进行界定,概述了讲话稿的定义、分类及“把”字句的研究范围。第三部分对国家领导人讲话稿中“把”字句的分布频率进行统计,得出讲话稿中“把”字句出现频率较高,其中作分句的“把”字句出现频率最高且多处于并列复句中,还有一部分处在假设复句和条件复句中,并从语用焦点和鲜明的表意要求的契合、语用功能和表达指令的讲话意图的契合、篇章衔接和论题集中的契合、严密有序的逻辑性要求这几个方面分析了成因。第四部分分别对讲话稿中“把”字句的主语、状语、“把”字宾语、谓语成分进行分类统计,得出“把”字句的主语多为名词性成分,并从篇章功能、经济原则、心理趋同几个方面分析了成因;“把”字句的状语多为空位状语,能愿动词和副词也占了一部分比例,并从语用视点、语义和谐方面来分析成因;“把”字宾语多为名词及名词性短语,动词及动词性短语也占了一部分比例,并从处置对象有定化的需求、指称预设和关系预设的需求方面来分析成因;“把”字句的谓语成分多为“动词+宾语”,“动词+补语”的谓语成分也占了相当比例,并从加重句尾信息、配合语体色彩方面来分析成因。第五部分是将文艺语体与讲话稿中“把”字句的特点及规律做对比,分析其相异之处。第六部分是根据该文总结的讲话稿中“把”字句的特点及规律,对讲话稿中“把”字句的实际运用提出了三点借鉴建议。第七部分是结论,进行系统的总结,并指出本论文研究的长处和短处,并对研究前景进行了展望。综上,本论文选取政论语体中的讲话稿作为基本语料,来初步作语体语法范畴的尝试性研究,描写特定语体中的“把”字句在整体、局部等不同方面的各种特征,试图以“把”字句为切入点,观察政论语体的某一具体语言运用情况并探寻其中原因。
[Abstract]:The basic grammatical meaning of the Chinese "Ba" sentence is expressed as disposition, which is closely related to human intervention in the world. Therefore, this sentence pattern can be widely used in various languages. Some of the rules of the study are not necessarily applicable to other languages. For example, a document often needs to express ideas and schemes for dealing with things and events. This pragmatic intention makes "put" sentences into one of the high frequency sentences in this type of language. There are few, and the existing research is relatively rough. Therefore, we use the political Analects as the basis, to observe the rules of the application of "the" words in the official documents, and have both theoretical and practical significance for the study of the language of the public documents. This paper takes the speeches of the highest national leaders as the basis of the speech, and selects 1640 cases in the speech draft. With the guidance of the Chinese stylistic grammar theory, functional grammar and cognitive grammar theory, this paper discusses the characteristics, rules and causes of the "Ba" sentences in the speech. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first part is the introduction, summarizing the research status of the speech and the "the" words, and briefly introducing the breakthrough point of the innovation. The second part is to define the relevant concepts, summarize the definition of the speech, the classification and the scope of the study of "the" words. The third part makes a statistics on the frequency of the distribution of "the" words in the speech draft of the state leaders, and draws a conclusion that "the" words in the speech are higher in frequency, in which the clauses are divided. There are some parts in the compound sentence with the highest frequency and more in the complex sentence. There are some parts in the hypothetical complex sentence and the conditional compound sentence, and the agreement between the pragmatic focus and the distinct ideographic requirements, the correspondence of the speech intention of the pragmatic function and the expression instruction, the connection of the text connection and the topic concentration, the strict and orderly logical requirement. The fourth part analyzes the subject, adverbial, object and predicate in the speech, and concludes that the subject of "the" sentence is mostly noun, and the cause is divided from the text function, the economic principle and the psychological convergence, and the adverbials of "the" words are mostly empty adverbials. The verb and adverb also account for a part of the proportion, and analyze the causes from the pragmatic perspective and the semantic harmony. "The" word object is mostly nouns and noun phrases, verbs and verb phrases also account for a part of the proportion, and analyze the causes from the needs of the disposed object, the presupposition and the requirement of the relationship presupposition. The predicate components of the sentence are mostly "Verb + object", and the predicate component of "Verb + complement" also accounts for a considerable proportion, and analyzes the causes from the end information of the aggravated sentence and the style color. The fifth part is to compare the characteristics and laws of the literary and artistic styles with the rules of "the" words in the speech manuscript, and analyze their differences. The sixth part is the basis for the analysis. This article summarizes the characteristics and rules of "the" words in the speech, and puts forward three suggestions for the practical use of "the" words in the speech. The seventh part is a conclusion, a systematic summary, and points out the strengths and weaknesses of the study and the prospect of the research. As the basic corpus, the manuscript is a tentative study of the grammatical category of the language. It describes the various features of the word "the" word in the whole, local and other aspects in a particular style, trying to take "the" word as the breakthrough point to observe the application of a specific language in the political discourse and explore the reasons for it.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】