玛纳斯河流域绿洲经济—生态景观空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 08:11

  本文选题：绿洲经济 + 生态景观　； 参考：《石河子大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济发展引起生态功能退化是干旱区社会经济发展中普遍存在的矛盾,经济空间扩张必然引起生态空间的形态、结构发生变化,影响生态系统的功能和价值,最终又限制绿洲经济的可持续发展。玛纳斯河流域作为西北干旱区典型的内陆河流域,其生态环境脆弱且复杂多变。本文通过分析玛河流域景观类型的空间分异和绿洲经济的空间差异及其二者之间的空间关系,揭示内陆河流域生态-经济空间分异规律。依据生态经济和景观生态学理论,利用空间分析、地学统计等研究方法,在ArcGIS、Fragstats、GEODA技术平台上,通过遥感影像解译、景观分类、空间叠加、指数计算等方法分析景观动态变化及格局分异过程,得出流域景观时空分异特征;用人均GDP、人口规模等指标表征绿洲发展空间属性,用插值法实现其空间特征表达,得到流域绿洲经济发展时空分异规律,最后通过叠加分析研究绿洲经济空间扩张与流域景观格局分异的相互关系,探索经济空间扩张的生态合理性、经济有效性及其协调发展规律。研究表明:(1)1994-2014年玛河流域景观动态变化总体上呈现以耕地和建设用地增加、其他地类减少的“二增四减”的趋势,人工景观处于“涨势”,自然景观处于“落势”,其中耕地成为流域的主导景观类型,且各景观类型之间的转换非常频繁,转移方式复杂多样。(2)1994-2014年玛河流域耕地、建设用地渐趋成片,连通性优势度均增加,而绿洲-荒漠过渡带的景观更加复杂多样且破碎程度加大。在景观水平上,玛河流域各斑块日益邻近,形状也越来越简单规整,破碎化和丰富度降低,优势景观日益集中并占据主导地位,对生态系统多样性和稳定性都产生了不利影响。(3)1994-2014年玛河流域景观的空间分异特征表现在三个方面。景观密度较大的区域呈现从沙湾县中部向下野地灌区转移的分异特征,绿洲-荒漠过渡带的破碎化程度不断加大;景观形状较为复杂的区域平原绿洲区的中部逐步向下野地灌区和玛纳斯灌区扩展延伸;景观多样性呈现从广大的绿洲平原区向山前冲积扇上部、绿洲-荒漠过渡带转移的空间分异特征。(4)在全局空间差异上,1994-2014年玛河流域人均GDP的Moran’s I由正变负,而后再由负变正,在波动中增加,说明各县市及团场的经济在空间上的分布有所集聚,局部存在分散性。在局部差异上,玛河流域绿洲经济的空间分异整体上呈现东强西弱、内部差异不大、相对有序的分布格局。自然条件和基础设施、产业结构、人口素质、政策因素是经济差异存在的主要原因。(5)玛河流域经济“三足鼎立”的空间差异影响着景观格局的变化,另外人口日益向西北荒漠区扩展,人类需求增加导致部分未利用地被开发,同时绿洲荒漠化揭示了人口增加对生态环境的消极意义。因此,玛河流域绿洲经济发展的差异影响着景观的分布特征,同时景观格局的变化也制约了经济的平稳均衡发展,在建设新丝绸之路经济带时,一定要遵循生态规律,发展具有绿洲特色的生态经济,协调经济发展、人口增长与生态景观的关系,在促进绿洲经济健康快速发展的同时注重生态系统服务功能的保护与修复。
[Abstract]:The deterioration of ecological function caused by economic development is a common contradiction in the social and economic development of arid areas. The expansion of economic space inevitably causes the form of ecological space, changes in the structure, affects the function and value of the ecosystem, and finally restricts the sustainable development of the oasis economy. The Manasi River basin is the typical inland of the northwest arid area. The ecological environment of the river basin is fragile and complex and changeable. By analyzing the spatial differentiation of the landscape types and the spatial differences of the oasis economy and the spatial relations between the two, this paper reveals the spatial differentiation of the ecological economic space in the inland river basin. Based on the theory of ecological economy and landscape ecology, the spatial analysis and the geoscience statistics are used. Research methods, on the ArcGIS, Fragstats, GEODA technology platform, through remote sensing image interpretation, landscape classification, space superposition, index calculation and other methods to analyze the landscape dynamic change and pattern differentiation process, get the spatial and temporal characteristics of the watershed landscape, using per capita GDP, population scale and other indicators to characterize the spatial attribute of oasis development, and use the interpolation method to achieve its empty space. In the end, the relationship between the spatial expansion of oasis economy and the differentiation of the landscape pattern of the basin was studied by superposition analysis, and the ecological rationality, economic efficiency and the coordinated development law of the economic space expansion were explored. The study showed that: (1) the landscape dynamics of the 1994-2014 years of the Ma River Basin On the whole, the change of cultivated land and construction land is increasing, and the trend of "two increase and four decrease" of other land categories, artificial landscape in "fluctuation", natural landscape in "falling potential", the cultivated land becomes the dominant landscape type in the basin, and the transformation of various landscape types is not frequent, and the transfer mode is complex and diverse. (2) 1994-2014 years Ma In the river field, the construction land is gradually growing into slices, and the connectivity advantage increases, while the landscape of the oasis desert transition zone is more complex and more fragmented. In the landscape level, the patches of the ma he basin are increasingly adjacent, the shape is becoming more and more simple, the fragmentation and richness are reduced, the dominant landscape is increasingly concentrated and dominated. (3) the spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape in the 1994-2014 years of the Ma River Basin are shown in three aspects. The area with larger landscape density presents the differentiation characteristics from the downward field irrigation area in the middle of Shawan County, and the fragmentation degree of the oasis desert transition zone is increasing, and the landscape shape is the shape of the landscape. The more complex regional plain oasis area is gradually extended and extended in the field irrigation area and Manasi irrigation area, and the landscape diversity presents the spatial differentiation characteristics from the vast oasis plain to the upper alluvial fan and the oasis desert transition zone. (4) in the global spatial difference, the Moran 's I per capita in the MMA River Basin in 1994-2014 years. The spatial distribution of the oasis economy in the MMA River Basin shows the weakness of the East strong west, the internal difference, the relatively orderly distribution pattern, the natural condition and foundation. Facilities, industrial structure, population quality and policy factors are the main reasons for the existence of economic differences. (5) the spatial difference of "three feet in the three feet" of the MMA river basin economy affects the change of landscape pattern. In addition, the population is expanding to the northwest desert area, the increase of human demand leads to the development of some unused land, and the oasis desertification reveals the population. Therefore, the differences in the economic development of the oasis in the ma he basin affect the distribution characteristics of the landscape. At the same time, the change of the landscape pattern also restricts the steady and balanced development of the economy. In the construction of the new Silk Road Economic Zone, the ecological law must be followed, the ecological economy with oasis characteristics is developed and the economy is coordinated. Development, the relationship between population growth and ecological landscape, while promoting the healthy and rapid development of oasis economy, at the same time, we should pay attention to the protection and restoration of ecosystem services.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P901
，

本文编号：2030346