延边大学退休教职工体育锻炼现状研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:14

本文选题：延边大学 + 退休教职工　；参考：《延边大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：“十三五”期间是全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段,也是我国步入人口老龄化社会的关键时期,习近平总书记强调：“有效应对我国人口老龄化,事关国家发展全局,事关亿万百姓福祉”。截止2015年我国60岁以上人群高达2.1亿,到2050年我国60岁以上老年人将超过总人口的30%,届时我国将到达深度老龄化阶段,高龄、失能、空巢老人的数量将急剧攀升,进一步加重了我国人口老龄化的严峻性和复杂性, “未富先老”将是我国面临的基本国情。大学教职员工作为一个特殊的群体,其获得相对较多的社会资源、经济资源和人脉资源,有着较为优越的社会地位,但也面临着如超负荷工作、社会压力大、竞争激烈、体育锻炼少等问题,退休后因职业角色的中断、社会地位的下降、生活圈子的转换,都将会给他们带来不适的影响,对准备不充分的老年人来说,首先会损害他们的精神健康,进而开始威胁到身体健康。随着全民健身计划的不断深入,老年体育队伍的不断壮大,退休教职工将逐渐成为我国实现积极老龄化的主力军,体育锻炼已成为老年人生活中重要的一部分,从个体来说,可以提高老年人的生活质量,增强老年人的体质健康水平；从整体来说,会给国家和社会带来极大的经济效益和社会价值。本文以延边大学退休教职工的体育锻炼现状为研究对象,采用问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,通过对延边大学退休教职工个人基本情况、参与体育锻炼的动机、时间、时段、频率、场所、方式与项目等方面进行整理统计,发现存在的问题并分析产生的原因,整合出一套解决的方法,以期在理论探索与实际指导等方面能为退休教职工提供合理的建议与意见。经调查研究得出以下结论：延边大学退休教职工参加体育锻炼的频率不高,锻炼时间相对较短,强度不大；参与体育锻炼的人数逐渐增加,达到体育人口标准的占43.9%,女性受传统观念的影响锻炼的积极性要少于男性；退休教职工参加体育锻炼的动机比较丰富,依次是娱乐消遣占24%、强身健体占22%、调节精神占18%；在锻炼的项目上选择易于开展,运动相对平和的项目,主要集中在散步占28%、棋牌扑克占16%、爬山占14%；在锻炼场地的选择上受生活习惯的影响,比较局限,选择依次是学校内占25%、就近附近占25%、公园占12%；退休教职工在锻炼后的感受相对全面,分别是心情愉快、生活充实占24%、提高睡眠质量占22%和健康状况好转占11%。延边大学退休教职工的健康状况整体上一般,患有慢性疾病的人数达到了45.5%,慢性疾病排在前三位的依次是,心脑血管疾病为26.7%、呼吸系统疾病为18.9%、内分泌系统疾病为17.8%,这与高校教职工的工作环境和职业有关。达到体育人口标准中患三高症的发病率显著地小于达不到体育人口标准中患三高症的人数。体育锻炼在抑制疾病和缓解病情上起到了促进作用,其中体育人口患三高症分别是,高血糖为12%、高血压为9%和高血脂为7.2%、5.1%,非体育入口患三高症分别是,高血糖为28%、高血压为25%和高血脂为19.8%、17.1%。除高血脂外,男性的发病率均高于女性,这与男性不规律的生活习惯,交际应酬多有关。影响退休教职工参加体育锻炼的因素比较广泛,主要因为这部分老年人受健康、生活环境的影响比较大,分别是缺少相应组织指导、医务监督占28%、缺少合适的伙伴占21%、家务繁忙占18%、锻炼场地、设施器材不足占16%、宣传力度不够占8%、资金短缺占7%、其它原因占2%。基于以上研究,本文认为应该给退休教职工配备掌握医学专业的体育社会指导员,组织专人开展适合退休教职工进行的文体活动；同时利用体育学院、医学院的专业学科优势,定期开展体检和健康科普讲座,对各类疾病进行跟踪记录,提出治疗方案：建议政府相关部门加大财政投入,更新老旧运动器材,加强新媒体等宣传途径,倡导通过体育锻炼来抑制缓解疾病,使退休教职工能够从根本上懂得身体健康与体育锻炼间的关系,从而使退休后的生活更加充实、身体更加健康。
[Abstract]:The "13th Five-Year" period is the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also the key period for China to enter the aging society of the population. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "there is an effect on the aging of our population, the overall situation of the country and the well-being of hundreds of millions of people". By 2015, the population of 60 and above in China was up to 210 million to 2050. The elderly over 60 years of age will exceed 30% of the total population, and our country will reach the stage of deep aging, the age of age, the loss of energy and the number of empty nest elderly will rise sharply, further aggravating the severity and complexity of the aging of the population in our country. "Not rich before the old" will be the basic national condition of our country. The Faculty of the university is a special one. The group, which has relatively more social resources, economic resources and human resources, has a superior social status, but also faces such problems as overloading work, great social pressure, fierce competition, less physical exercise and so on. After retirement, the interruption of professional roles, the decline of social position, and the transformation of life circles will bring them to the end. As for the ill prepared old people, it will damage their mental health first, and then threaten their health. With the continuous deepening of the national fitness program, the continuous expansion of the elderly sports team, the retired teachers will gradually become the main force to realize the active aging in our country, and the physical exercise has become the old life. An important part of the life, from the individual, can improve the quality of life of the elderly and enhance the health level of the elderly; from the whole, it will bring great economic and social value to the state and the society. This article is based on the present situation of the physical exercise of the retired teachers in Yanbian University, and adopts the questionnaire survey and the mathematical statistics. According to the research method, the author collates and statistics the motivation, time, time period, frequency, place, mode and project of the retired faculty of Yanbian University, finds out the existing problems and analyzes the causes, and integrates a set of solutions to solve the problems in theoretical exploration and practical guidance. To provide reasonable suggestions and opinions for retired teachers and staff. The following conclusions are drawn through investigation and study: the retired teachers of Yanbian University have a low frequency of physical exercise, relatively short exercise time and little intensity; the number of people participating in physical exercise is increasing gradually, the standard of sports population is 43.9%, and women are influenced by traditional ideas. The enthusiasm of the retirees is less than that of the male; the motivation of the retirees to take part in physical exercise is rich, which is 24% in entertainment, 22% in physical fitness and 18% in the adjustment spirit. The items that are easy to carry out in the exercises and the sports are relatively flat are mainly concentrated in the 28%, 16%, 14%, and 14% in the mountain climbing. The choice is influenced by the life habit, the choice is 25% in the school, 25% in the near near, 12% in the park, and the retired teachers are in a relatively comprehensive feeling after exercise, respectively, the happy mood, the full life of 24%, the improvement of the sleep quality 22% and the health status of the retired teachers in the Yanbian University, which account for the health status of the retired faculty of the Yanbian University. On the whole, the number of people with chronic diseases reached 45.5%, the first three of the chronic diseases were 26.7%, 18.9%, 18.9% and 17.8%, which was related to the working environment and occupation of the teachers in Colleges and universities. Physical exercise plays a role in inhibiting the disease and alleviating the disease. The three high levels of high blood sugar are 12%, hypertension is 9% and high blood fat is 7.2%, 5.1%, the non sports entrance is 28%, high blood sugar is 28%, hypertension is 25% and hyperlipidemia. In addition to 19.8%, 17.1%. except high blood lipid, the incidence of male is higher than that of women, which is related to the irregular life habits of the male and the social communication. The factors affecting the retired teachers to participate in physical exercise are more extensive, mainly because this part of the elderly is healthy, the living environment is relatively large, and the medical supervision is lack of corresponding organizational guidance. 28%, 28%, lack of appropriate partners 21%, 18% of the busy housework, the exercise field, the lack of facilities and equipment 16%, not enough publicity, 8%, and the shortage of funds 7%. Other reasons are based on the above research. This article believes that the retired teachers should be equipped with medical professional sports social instructors to organize special people to carry out suitable retired teachers. At the same time, taking advantage of the sports college and the medical college's professional advantages, regularly carrying out physical examination and health science lectures, tracking records of all kinds of diseases and putting forward the treatment plan: it is suggested that the relevant government departments should increase financial input, update old sports equipment, strengthen the new media and other propaganda ways, and advocate through physical exercise. To inhibit the relief of disease, the retired teachers can fundamentally understand the relationship between physical health and physical exercise, so that the life after retirement is more fulfilling and healthier.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G812.4

【参考文献】