基于“水足迹”的海林农场粮食生产结构调整研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 21:33

本文选题：水足迹 + 粮食生产结构调整　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,作为一种不可再生资源,同时也是我们赖以生存的刚性需求的产品,所以我们必须节约用水,减少水污染。随着我国整体国民经济的不断发展和前进,生态资源在国民经济建设中变得更加重要,缓解水资源的供需矛盾也更加迫在眉睫。作为农业大国,农业用水在我国粮食生产中占据独一无二的地位,水资源影响着我国农业生产结构的整体发展,农业用水关乎着我国的粮食安全问题和农业经济的整体未来发展态势,水资源的合理使用关系着我国的农业命脉。本文先对“水足迹”和粮食生产结构调整的国内外相关文献进行梳理、分析和阐述,从而引出本文所用的“水足迹”方法、粮食生产结构调整的研究内容和研究趋势,以及两者之间的应用关系。通过国内外文献综述的梳理,不难看出国内外对于将“水足迹”和粮食生产结构调整的研究并不在少数,基于前人的研究基础和研究方法,所以本文的研究对象是黑龙江省海林农场,研究的目的是基于“水足迹”的角度对其主要粮食作物进行分类和归纳、并对其整体粮食生产结构进行调整分析。首先,本文交代了研究地点海林农场的区位特征和近七年粮食生产结构调整的状况。介绍了海林农场的概况(区域位置和生产整体条件等方面),并交代了粮食作物种植面积在海林农场整体农业生产种植中的比重和粮食种植面积逐年变化两个角度剖析了海林农场的粮食生产结构调整概况。进而,通过国际上“水足迹”的计算公式的运用,计算出海林农场主要粮食作物的单位水足迹、和主要粮食生产消耗“单位水足迹”中的蓝、绿、灰水足迹的比重,进行统计和分析。再次,明确海林农场粮食生产结构调整的标准,从农户的角度进行粮食生产调整目标的阐述,并从经济和生态效益两方面引出本文的调整标准(综合效益),通过综合效益,交代本文引用的调整的两个标准“单位水足迹”和“耗水度”,从而量化了经济效益和生态效益的两个调整指标,并对计算出来的海林农场主要粮食生产作物根据指标进行分类。最后通过对“水足迹”的计算结果,结合粮食生产结构调整标准,逐一对主要的粮食作物进行生产结构上的调整分析,提出相应的生产种植对策;再针对海林农场实现粮食生产结构调整目标,为了海林农场适应当下国家发展大环境,提高海林农场农业用水效率,针对海林农场当下经营情况提出了相应的保障性措施。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life, as a non-renewable resource, but also a rigid demand for our survival products, so we must save water, reduce water pollution. With the continuous development and progress of the whole national economy, ecological resources become more and more important in the national economic construction, and it is more urgent to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. As a large agricultural country, agricultural water use occupies a unique position in China's grain production, and water resources affect the overall development of our agricultural production structure. Agricultural water use is related to the problem of food security and the overall future development of agricultural economy in China. The rational use of water resources is related to the lifeblood of agriculture in our country. In this paper, the domestic and foreign literatures on water footprint and grain production structure adjustment are firstly combed, analyzed and expounded, and the water footprint method used in this paper, the research content and research trend of grain production structure adjustment are introduced. And the relationship between them. Through the review of literature at home and abroad, it is not difficult to see that there are not a few studies at home and abroad on adjusting the "water footprint" and the structure of grain production, based on the basis of previous research and research methods. Therefore, the research object of this paper is Hailin Farm in Heilongjiang Province. The purpose of the study is to classify and summarize the main grain crops based on the "water footprint", and to adjust and analyze the whole grain production structure. Firstly, this paper describes the location characteristics of Hailin Farm and the adjustment of grain production structure in recent seven years. This paper introduces the general situation of Hailin Farm (regional position and production condition), and explains the proportion of grain crop planting area in the whole agricultural production of Hailin Farm and the change of grain planting area year by year. The adjustment of grain production structure in Hailin farm was analyzed. Furthermore, through the application of the international formula for calculating the "water footprint", the proportion of the unit water footprint of the main grain crops in the Hailin Farm and the "unit water footprint" of the main grain production consumption is calculated. Conduct statistics and analysis. Thirdly, define the standard of grain production structure adjustment in Hailin Farm, expound the target of grain production adjustment from the angle of farmers, and draw the adjustment standard (comprehensive benefit) of this article from two aspects of economic and ecological benefit, through the comprehensive benefit, In this paper, the two standards of adjustment "water footprint" and "water consumption" are described, thus quantifying the two adjustment indexes of economic and ecological benefits. The main grain production crops of Hailin Farm were classified according to the index. Finally, according to the calculation results of "water footprint" and the adjustment standard of grain production structure, the main grain crops are adjusted one by one, and the corresponding production and planting countermeasures are put forward. In order to adapt to the current national development environment and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use, this paper puts forward the corresponding safeguard measures for the current management of the Hailin Farm in order to achieve the goal of adjusting the grain production structure of the Hailin Farm and to improve the efficiency of the agricultural water use of the Hailin Farm.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.11

【参考文献】