黑龙江省对外贸易结构优化研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 19:14
【摘要】：自中国加入WTO后,不仅逐渐成为了国际上的进出口大国,并且在经济全球化的热潮中发挥着举足轻重的作用。中国每年的进出口额在不断的增长,但中国在国际贸易中并不是优势大国,对外贸易直接影响着一个国家在国际经济中的地位。对外贸易的发展不仅取决于国家和地域的对外贸易结构的发展和优化,而且在产业结构与技术创新过程中,对外贸易结构的发展及优化也得到国家及各地方政府的高度重视。保持对外贸易结构在国际经济中不断的优化调整,从而确保国家或地域的对外贸易产业的长期稳固的发展。改革开放后,黑龙江省对外贸易经济得到了进一步发展。黑龙江省在中国属农业大省面积46万平方公里。黑龙江省是我国重要的工业基地,并拥有粮食、煤炭、石油、林业、医药和机械等资源。在粮食产量中,近几年来一直居于全国首位。在国家及政府政策的支持调整下,使改革开放前曾经的北大荒变成了北大仓粮油大省。黑龙江省所处位置与俄罗斯、朝鲜、韩国、日本毗邻,地理位置为对外贸易结构发展起到了重要的作用。随着黑龙江省经济的不断发展与经济产业结构的调整,使我省已与世界上140多个国家和地区建立了贸易伙伴关系,根据近几年海关数据的统计,黑龙江省的对外贸易客户发展到5200多家,出口商品近4500个品种。由于黑龙江省占据着地理位置的优势,与俄罗斯、日本、韩国为主要的对外贸易伙伴,随着对外经济的发展,开拓港澳台及东南亚、美国、欧盟等国家和地区的多元化市场。黑龙江省经过了改革开放后的经济产业调整,在外贸总量、外贸结构、外贸方式、外贸市场的结构上得到了显著的改善与提高。尽管黑龙江省对外贸易近几年来取得了进步与发展,但从海关整体数据上显示并不是很理想,发展并不稳定,存着很多问题和制约因素。根据黑龙江省现有的资源优势,应合理优化和调整黑龙江省产业经济结构,推动发展适合黑龙江省对外贸易的多元化发展,黑龙江省经济长远发展意义主要体现在国际贸易经济和本省国民经济的发展上。本文针对黑龙江经济结构发展,结合相关的经济学理论,对外贸易结构优化调整,分析研究黑龙江对外贸易的现状与发展;主要包括黑龙江省对外贸易的总体国际经济结构发展方向、对外贸易的市场经济结构调整、对外贸易的所处地域资源便利条件,以及对外贸易的市场商品结构及技术发展创新作为主要的分析研究方向。根据黑龙江省老工业基地优势条件为基础,大力发挥自然生态资源优势,开拓多元化国际市场。在市场经济体制下进行产业结构优化,重视传统对外贸易市场的同时,不断开拓欧盟、东盟、非洲等发达国家和发展中国家市场。
[Abstract]:Since China joined WTO, it has not only become an international import and export country, but also played an important role in the upsurge of economic globalization. China's import and export volume is increasing every year, but China is not a dominant country in international trade. Foreign trade directly affects the position of a country in the international economy. The development of foreign trade depends not only on the development and optimization of national and regional foreign trade structure, but also on the development and optimization of foreign trade structure in the process of industrial structure and technological innovation. Keep the structure of foreign trade optimized and adjusted in the international economy so as to ensure the long-term stable development of the foreign trade industry of the country or region. After reforming and opening, Heilongjiang Province foreign trade economy got further development. Heilongjiang Province is an agricultural province in China with an area of 460000 square kilometers. Heilongjiang Province is an important industrial base in China, and has food, coal, oil, forestry, medicine and machinery resources. In grain production, in recent years has been ranked first in the country. With the support of national and government policies, the northern famine before reform and opening up has become a big province of grain and oil in Beitakang. Heilongjiang Province is adjacent to Russia, Korea, South Korea and Japan, and its geographical position plays an important role in the development of foreign trade structure. With the continuous development of Heilongjiang economy and the adjustment of economic industrial structure, our province has established a trade partnership with more than 140 countries and regions in the world. According to the statistics of customs data in recent years, Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade customers to more than 5200, exports nearly 4500 varieties. Because Heilongjiang province occupies the advantage of geographical position, with Russia, Japan, Korea as the main foreign trade partner, with the development of foreign economy, open up the diversified markets of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, the United States, the European Union and other countries and regions. After the economic and industrial adjustment after reform and opening up in Heilongjiang Province, the total amount of foreign trade, the structure of foreign trade, the mode of foreign trade and the structure of foreign trade market have been improved and improved significantly. Although the foreign trade of Heilongjiang Province has made progress and development in recent years, it is not very ideal from the overall customs data, the development is not stable, there are a lot of problems and constraints. According to the existing resource advantages of Heilongjiang Province, we should rationally optimize and adjust the industrial economic structure of Heilongjiang Province, and promote the development of a diversified development suitable for Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade. The long-term economic development of Heilongjiang Province is mainly reflected in the international trade economy and the development of the province's national economy. Aiming at the development of Heilongjiang's economic structure, this paper analyzes and studies the present situation and development of Heilongjiang's foreign trade, combining with the relevant economic theory and the optimization and adjustment of foreign trade structure. Mainly including the overall development direction of the international economic structure of foreign trade in Heilongjiang Province, the adjustment of the market economic structure of foreign trade, the convenient conditions of regional resources for foreign trade, And foreign trade market commodity structure and technological development and innovation as the main direction of analysis and research. On the basis of the advantages of the old industrial base in Heilongjiang Province, the advantages of natural ecological resources are brought into full play and diversified international markets are developed. Under the market economy system, we should optimize the industrial structure, attach importance to the traditional foreign trade market, and constantly open up the markets of the developed and developing countries, such as the European Union, ASEAN, Africa and so on.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.8
本文编号：2125110
[Abstract]:Since China joined WTO, it has not only become an international import and export country, but also played an important role in the upsurge of economic globalization. China's import and export volume is increasing every year, but China is not a dominant country in international trade. Foreign trade directly affects the position of a country in the international economy. The development of foreign trade depends not only on the development and optimization of national and regional foreign trade structure, but also on the development and optimization of foreign trade structure in the process of industrial structure and technological innovation. Keep the structure of foreign trade optimized and adjusted in the international economy so as to ensure the long-term stable development of the foreign trade industry of the country or region. After reforming and opening, Heilongjiang Province foreign trade economy got further development. Heilongjiang Province is an agricultural province in China with an area of 460000 square kilometers. Heilongjiang Province is an important industrial base in China, and has food, coal, oil, forestry, medicine and machinery resources. In grain production, in recent years has been ranked first in the country. With the support of national and government policies, the northern famine before reform and opening up has become a big province of grain and oil in Beitakang. Heilongjiang Province is adjacent to Russia, Korea, South Korea and Japan, and its geographical position plays an important role in the development of foreign trade structure. With the continuous development of Heilongjiang economy and the adjustment of economic industrial structure, our province has established a trade partnership with more than 140 countries and regions in the world. According to the statistics of customs data in recent years, Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade customers to more than 5200, exports nearly 4500 varieties. Because Heilongjiang province occupies the advantage of geographical position, with Russia, Japan, Korea as the main foreign trade partner, with the development of foreign economy, open up the diversified markets of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, the United States, the European Union and other countries and regions. After the economic and industrial adjustment after reform and opening up in Heilongjiang Province, the total amount of foreign trade, the structure of foreign trade, the mode of foreign trade and the structure of foreign trade market have been improved and improved significantly. Although the foreign trade of Heilongjiang Province has made progress and development in recent years, it is not very ideal from the overall customs data, the development is not stable, there are a lot of problems and constraints. According to the existing resource advantages of Heilongjiang Province, we should rationally optimize and adjust the industrial economic structure of Heilongjiang Province, and promote the development of a diversified development suitable for Heilongjiang Province's foreign trade. The long-term economic development of Heilongjiang Province is mainly reflected in the international trade economy and the development of the province's national economy. Aiming at the development of Heilongjiang's economic structure, this paper analyzes and studies the present situation and development of Heilongjiang's foreign trade, combining with the relevant economic theory and the optimization and adjustment of foreign trade structure. Mainly including the overall development direction of the international economic structure of foreign trade in Heilongjiang Province, the adjustment of the market economic structure of foreign trade, the convenient conditions of regional resources for foreign trade, And foreign trade market commodity structure and technological development and innovation as the main direction of analysis and research. On the basis of the advantages of the old industrial base in Heilongjiang Province, the advantages of natural ecological resources are brought into full play and diversified international markets are developed. Under the market economy system, we should optimize the industrial structure, attach importance to the traditional foreign trade market, and constantly open up the markets of the developed and developing countries, such as the European Union, ASEAN, Africa and so on.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.8
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