新疆就业结构与城市化协调发展研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 12:57

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,社会经济结构也在迅速变化,其中就业结构和城市化最为显著。就业结构优化与城市化发展是相互依存、相互制约的,就业结构的优化与升级会促进城市化水平的提高,城市化水平的进程也会影响就业结构的优化,而且两者互动发展已成为社会经济发展的一个重要方面。就业结构与城市化协调发展不仅是加快就业结构优化升级和城市化发展的重要手段,也是实现经济发展、社会进步的最佳路径。而且正确处理就业结构和城市化的问题,关系到深化改革和社会稳定。因此,对就业结构与城市化协调发展的研究具有特殊的意义。本文在就业结构和城市化理论的基础上,选取2000-2013年的相关统计数据,首先对人口就业产业结构、城乡结构、行业结构等方面对新疆就业结构的演变进行了分析,并跟全国平均水平进行了比较。其次阐述新疆人口城市化的演变规律,并对跟全国平平均水平,新疆工业化率进行了比较分析。然后,根据拟用产业-就业结构偏差离度、钱纳里发展模型、回归分析等定量分析方法对新疆就业结构和城市化发展的关联程度进行了分析。之后,根据影响就业结构演变与城市化发展因素,建立了相应的指标体系,计算了各指标的权重和综合发展指数,并评价了各年份就业结构与城市化协调度及协调发展度。最后从优化产业结构,提高劳动者素质,完善制度环境,推进城市化发展等方面促进新疆就业结构与城市化协调发展提出了相关对策建议。文章得出如下结论:1、2000年以来新疆人口就业结构不断优化,人口城市化水平也快速上升,并且二者之间具有较高的相关关系,就业结构转变的缓慢是新疆城市化滞后的主要原因之一,第三产业人口就业比重的增加推动城市化率的作用相当于第二产业的3倍。2、2000-2013年间,新疆就业结构综合水平和城市化综合水平都保持着继续上升的趋势,但各年城市化综合发展指数一直高于就业结构综合发展指数,而且增长速度也比就业结构综合指数快。新疆就业结构在不断优化,城市化水平不断提高,但是,就业结构优化跟不上城市化发展。3、新疆就业结构与城市化协调度一直在0.96以上,协调程度很高。就业结构与城市化协调发展度呈持续上升,以2000年的0.5342,到2013年上升到0.9123,上升速度较快,但低于协调度,这说明新疆就业结构与城市化协调发展主要受就业结构和城市化综合发展水平的影响。从深层来看,协调发展度较低的主要原因是就业结构落后不能够适应现代高效的发展,能够制定有效政策促进就业结构优化调整和升级,将会促进经济发展和社会进步,提高人们生活水平,进而加快城市化发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the social economic structure is changing rapidly, especially the employment structure and urbanization. The optimization of employment structure and the development of urbanization are interdependent and mutually restricted. The optimization and upgrading of employment structure will promote the improvement of urbanization level, and the process of urbanization level will also affect the optimization of employment structure. And the two interactive development has become an important aspect of social and economic development. The harmonious development of employment structure and urbanization is not only an important means to accelerate the optimization and upgrading of employment structure and urbanization, but also the best way to realize economic development and social progress. The correct handling of employment structure and urbanization is related to deepening reform and social stability. Therefore, it is of special significance to study the harmonious development of employment structure and urbanization. Based on the theory of employment structure and urbanization, this paper selects the relevant statistical data from 2000 to 2013, and analyzes the evolution of employment structure in Xinjiang in terms of the industrial structure of population employment, the structure of urban and rural areas, the structure of industry, and so on. And compared with the national average. Secondly, it expounds the evolution law of population urbanization in Xinjiang, and makes a comparative analysis with the national average level and the industrialization rate of Xinjiang. Then, according to the quantitative analysis methods, such as the deviation degree of industry-employment structure, Chennari development model and regression analysis, the correlation degree between employment structure and urbanization development in Xinjiang is analyzed. Then, according to the factors affecting the evolution of employment structure and the development of urbanization, the corresponding index system is established, the weight of each index and the comprehensive development index are calculated, and the degree of coordination and development between employment structure and urbanization in each year is evaluated. Finally, the author puts forward some countermeasures to promote the harmonious development of employment structure and urbanization in Xinjiang from the aspects of optimizing the industrial structure, improving the quality of workers, perfecting the institutional environment and promoting the development of urbanization. The paper draws the following conclusion: the employment structure of Xinjiang population has been optimized continuously since 2000, and the level of population urbanization has also risen rapidly, and there is a high correlation between the two. The slow change of employment structure is one of the main reasons for the lag of urbanization in Xinjiang. The increase in the proportion of employment in the tertiary industry promotes the urbanization rate, which is equivalent to that of the secondary industry from 2000 to 2013. The comprehensive level of employment structure and the comprehensive level of urbanization in Xinjiang have maintained a rising trend, but the comprehensive development index of urbanization has always been higher than the comprehensive development index of employment structure in each year, and the growth rate is also faster than that of the comprehensive index of employment structure. The employment structure of Xinjiang is continuously optimized and the level of urbanization has been improved. However, the optimization of employment structure can not keep up with the development of urbanization. The degree of coordination between employment structure and urbanization in Xinjiang has been above 0.96, and the degree of coordination is very high. The degree of coordinated development of employment structure and urbanization has been rising continuously, from 0.5342 in 2000 to 0.9123 in 2013. The rate of increase is faster, but lower than the degree of coordination. This indicates that the harmonious development of employment structure and urbanization in Xinjiang is mainly influenced by the employment structure and the comprehensive development level of urbanization. From a deep point of view, the main reason for the low degree of coordinated development is that the backward employment structure cannot adapt to the modern and efficient development, can formulate effective policies to promote the optimization, adjustment and upgrading of the employment structure, and will promote economic development and social progress. Improve people's living standards, and then accelerate the development of urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.27;F299.21

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