运城地区苹果园土壤管理模式与效益调查分析
发布时间：2018-08-19 16:21
【摘要】：苹果产业在促进山西省农业发展和推动经济发展方面起着不可替代的作用,已经成为山西省的支柱产业。近年来,运城市凭借其优越的自然条件优势,苹果产业迅猛发展。但依旧存在一些与可持续发展概念不相符的问题,例如果园密度较大、土壤管理薄弱、果园常规管理技术落后等。本文以不同的土壤管理方式为切入点,通过对运城市重点县区的苹果园进行实地调查统计,选取运城的盐湖区,临猗、夏县、闻喜等地的具有代表性的11户果园,对其苹果园的土壤管理方式、树龄、种植面积、栽植密度、产量、经济效益等情况进行全面调研。同时,对不同土壤管理的果园土样及其果实品质进行检测分析,探讨果园管理的经济效益及对土壤理化性状及其果实品质的影响,旨在为运城市苹果产业发展提供建议依据。调研结果如下：运城地区的土壤管理方式主要以自然生草为主,占到55%,对果园进行清耕管理的目前还有9%左右。人工种草这种管理模式,这种管理方式占到18%。通过对不同土壤管理下土壤理化性质进行分析得出：(1)清耕园的pH最高,自然生草园的pH最低,自然生草园较之于清耕园的pH差异显著。说明生草确实对土壤的pH有很大的影响,使土壤pH值明显降低。(2)生草使土壤Ec值降低,降低了土壤中盐分含量。(3)生草模式管理下的土壤结构较好,不易板结。生草对于疏松土壤,降低土壤容重有很大的影响。(4)生草园的有机质含量明显比清耕园的高,能提高果园的土壤有机质,显著提升土壤肥力。(5)生草有利于果品品质的不断提高,对于提高果品的市场竞争力有重要作用。运城36%果园的土壤有机质甚至不到1%。果农对地下管理方面薄弱,长期大量使用化肥,土壤肥力下降的趋势并未得到缓解。生草虽然不能直接给果园带来经济效益,但可以改良土壤,降低土壤容重,蓄水保墒、改善果园小气候、果实品质有明显的提升,是一项适合现代农业发展的新技术,以后还需开发适合运城地区的生草模式,并将其大力推广。同时加大间伐力度和产后管理体系,对密闭果园改造的工程也需要进一步去完成,才能使运城的苹果产业更上一个平台。
[Abstract]:Apple industry plays an irreplaceable role in promoting agricultural development and economic development in Shanxi Province and has become a pillar industry in Shanxi Province. In recent years, Yuncheng with its superior natural conditions advantage, Apple industry rapid development. However, there are still some problems which are inconsistent with the concept of sustainable development, such as high density of orchard, weak soil management, backward conventional management techniques and so on. This paper takes different soil management methods as the breakthrough point, through the on-the-spot investigation and statistics to the apple orchard in the key counties of Yuncheng City, selects the representative 11 orchards in Yanhu District, Linyi County, Xia County and Wenxi County of Yuncheng City. The soil management, age, planting area, planting density, yield and economic benefit of apple orchard were investigated. At the same time, the soil samples of different soil management and their fruit quality were tested and analyzed, and the economic benefits of orchard management and the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality were discussed, in order to provide suggestions for the development of apple industry in Yuncheng city. The results are as follows: in Yuncheng area, natural grass is the main way of soil management, accounting for 55%, and there are about 9% of orchard cleared. Manual recommendation of this management model, this type of management accounts for 18. Through the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties under different soil management, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the pH of the clear tillage orchard is the highest, the pH of the natural grass orchard is the lowest, and the pH of the natural grass orchard is significantly different from that of the pure tillage orchard. The results showed that grass had a great effect on the pH of soil, and the pH value of soil was obviously decreased. (2) the soil EC value was decreased and the salt content in soil was decreased. (3) the soil structure was better and it was not easy to form the soil under the grass growing model management. Raw grass has great influence on loose soil and reducing soil bulk density. (4) the content of organic matter in raw grass orchard is obviously higher than that in clear tillage orchard, which can increase soil organic matter in orchard and improve soil fertility significantly. (5) Raw grass is beneficial to the continuous improvement of fruit quality. To improve the market competitiveness of fruit has an important role. Yuncheng 36% of the orchard soil organic matter even less than 1. The decline of soil fertility has not been alleviated by the heavy use of chemical fertilizer for a long time. Although the raw grass can not directly bring economic benefits to the orchard, it can improve the soil, reduce the bulk density of the soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the microclimate of the orchard, and improve the fruit quality obviously. It is a new technology suitable for the development of modern agriculture. In the future, it is necessary to develop a grass-growing model suitable for Yuncheng area and popularize it vigorously. At the same time, increasing the intensity of thinning and postpartum management system, the transformation of closed orchard also needs to be further completed, in order to make Yuncheng's apple industry a better platform.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S661.1
本文编号：2192187
[Abstract]:Apple industry plays an irreplaceable role in promoting agricultural development and economic development in Shanxi Province and has become a pillar industry in Shanxi Province. In recent years, Yuncheng with its superior natural conditions advantage, Apple industry rapid development. However, there are still some problems which are inconsistent with the concept of sustainable development, such as high density of orchard, weak soil management, backward conventional management techniques and so on. This paper takes different soil management methods as the breakthrough point, through the on-the-spot investigation and statistics to the apple orchard in the key counties of Yuncheng City, selects the representative 11 orchards in Yanhu District, Linyi County, Xia County and Wenxi County of Yuncheng City. The soil management, age, planting area, planting density, yield and economic benefit of apple orchard were investigated. At the same time, the soil samples of different soil management and their fruit quality were tested and analyzed, and the economic benefits of orchard management and the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality were discussed, in order to provide suggestions for the development of apple industry in Yuncheng city. The results are as follows: in Yuncheng area, natural grass is the main way of soil management, accounting for 55%, and there are about 9% of orchard cleared. Manual recommendation of this management model, this type of management accounts for 18. Through the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties under different soil management, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the pH of the clear tillage orchard is the highest, the pH of the natural grass orchard is the lowest, and the pH of the natural grass orchard is significantly different from that of the pure tillage orchard. The results showed that grass had a great effect on the pH of soil, and the pH value of soil was obviously decreased. (2) the soil EC value was decreased and the salt content in soil was decreased. (3) the soil structure was better and it was not easy to form the soil under the grass growing model management. Raw grass has great influence on loose soil and reducing soil bulk density. (4) the content of organic matter in raw grass orchard is obviously higher than that in clear tillage orchard, which can increase soil organic matter in orchard and improve soil fertility significantly. (5) Raw grass is beneficial to the continuous improvement of fruit quality. To improve the market competitiveness of fruit has an important role. Yuncheng 36% of the orchard soil organic matter even less than 1. The decline of soil fertility has not been alleviated by the heavy use of chemical fertilizer for a long time. Although the raw grass can not directly bring economic benefits to the orchard, it can improve the soil, reduce the bulk density of the soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the microclimate of the orchard, and improve the fruit quality obviously. It is a new technology suitable for the development of modern agriculture. In the future, it is necessary to develop a grass-growing model suitable for Yuncheng area and popularize it vigorously. At the same time, increasing the intensity of thinning and postpartum management system, the transformation of closed orchard also needs to be further completed, in order to make Yuncheng's apple industry a better platform.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S661.1
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 徐乃千;张敏;缪君翔;;赣南地区果园经济条件下水土保持研究进展[J];南方农机;2017年21期
，本文编号：2192187
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