基于环境选线的西部山区铁路线路方案优选研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 14:33

【摘要】：我国西部地区地形条件复杂,以山区为主,地表起伏很大。在这些地区修建铁路,通常需要克服较大的高差和跨越各种障碍,结果导致西部山区铁路不仅工程数量巨大,而且桥隧工程的比例普遍较高,工程难度很大。所以在传统的山区铁路选线之中,为了尽量节省建设投资,更多是从铁路的技术和经济角度进行选线,对外部环境的影响考虑较少。铁路建设对沿线环境的影响很大,特别是在自然环境条件复杂的西部山区,存在许多生态脆弱地带和环境敏感区域,为了实现铁路建设的可持续发展,必须在铁路选线中贯彻环保理念,实行环境选线。此外,西部地区经济相对落后,如何在保护环境的基础上发挥铁路对经济和社会发展的促进作用,也需要在选线过程中予以考虑。本文根据西部山区环境特点,在分析铁路建设对自然环境、社会环境各方面的影响基础上,结合已有的研究成果,总结了铁路环境选线的理念和方法及其在实际工程中的应用。然后按照多指标综合评价的理论和方法,建立了考虑环境影响的方案评价指标体系,对西部山区线路方案优选进行了研究。首先,分析了环境选线需要考虑的因素,提出环境选线不仅要考虑自然环境,还要考虑铁路对社会环境、经济环境的影响。然后结合以往铁路建设过程中遇到的实际问题,提出铁路环境选线基本原则和要求,并从环境影响评价、环境经济学、选线技术等方面分析,总结了如何铁路环境选线的具体方法和步骤。其次,在全面分析铁路与周围环境的关系基础上,按照指标体系构建的原则和思路,用目标分解的方法确定方案评价指标体系的层次结构,从自然环境、社会环境、技术经济三个方面筛选具体指标,并研究了用统计分析、阂值法、专家打分等方法对指标进行量化评价,建立了西部山区环境选线方案评价指标体系。最后,在分析各种常见的评价方法特点之后,选取了模糊综合评价、人工神经网络评价两种方法建立了数学模型,并对其各自的原理和适用性进行了研究。在此基础上,运用西部山区铁路选线的典型工程案例对所建立的评价模型进行了验证,结果表明本文方法用于铁路环境选线方案决策都是可行的。但通过对两种方法的计算过程和评价结果进行对比,得出人工神经网络评价法用于方案评价效果更好。
[Abstract]:The terrain conditions in western China are complex, mainly in mountainous areas, and the surface undulation is very large. The construction of railway in these areas usually needs to overcome the large height difference and cross all kinds of obstacles. As a result, the railway in the western mountainous area not only has a large number of projects, but also has a high proportion of bridge and tunnel projects, and the engineering is very difficult. Therefore, in order to save the construction investment as much as possible in the traditional railway line selection in mountainous areas, it is more from the technical and economic point of view of the railway line selection, and the impact on the external environment is less considered. Railway construction has a great impact on the environment along the railway line, especially in the western mountainous areas where the natural environment conditions are complex, there are many ecologically fragile zones and environmentally sensitive areas, in order to realize the sustainable development of railway construction, Environmental protection concept must be carried out in railway line selection and environmental route selection must be carried out. In addition, the western region is relatively backward in economy. How to promote the economic and social development of railway on the basis of environmental protection also needs to be considered in the course of route selection. On the basis of analyzing the influence of railway construction on natural environment and social environment, and combining with the existing research results, this paper summarizes the idea and method of railway environmental route selection and its application in practical engineering. Then, according to the theory and method of multi-index comprehensive evaluation, a scheme evaluation index system considering environmental impact is established, and the optimal selection of route scheme in western mountainous area is studied. Firstly, the paper analyzes the factors that need to be considered in environmental route selection, and points out that environmental route selection should not only consider the natural environment, but also consider the influence of railway on social environment and economic environment. Then combined with the practical problems encountered in the past railway construction process, the paper puts forward the basic principles and requirements of railway environmental route selection, and analyzes the environmental impact assessment, environmental economics, route selection technology and so on. The concrete methods and steps of how to select railway environmental route are summarized. Secondly, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the relationship between railway and surrounding environment, according to the principles and ideas of the construction of the index system, the hierarchical structure of the evaluation index system of the project is determined by the method of objective decomposition, which is based on the natural environment and the social environment. In this paper, three aspects of technology and economy are selected, and the quantitative evaluation of the indexes is studied by statistical analysis, threshold value method and expert scoring method, and the evaluation index system of environmental route selection scheme in western mountainous area is established. Finally, after analyzing the characteristics of various common evaluation methods, two methods, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and artificial neural network evaluation, are selected to establish mathematical models, and their respective principles and applicability are studied. On this basis, the evaluation model is verified by using typical engineering cases of railway line selection in western mountainous area. The results show that the proposed method is feasible for railway environmental route selection scheme decision. However, by comparing the calculation process and evaluation results of the two methods, it is concluded that the artificial neural network evaluation method is more effective in scheme evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U212.32

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