增程式电动码头牵引车动力传动系统控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 19:16

【摘要】：增程式电动车是介于内燃机汽车和纯电动汽车之间的一种车型,在确保续航能力以及电池寿命的基础上,有效解决了汽车对石油的依赖。不仅缓解了纯电动汽车对动力电池的依赖,又兼备了混合动力技术汽车续航里程长的优点,以目前的技术水平节油率就可达到40%以上,是今后汽车技术发展的一个方向。在新技术电池投放前,是一种内燃机汽车向纯电动汽车平稳过渡的理想车型。本课题以此为指导,对增程式电动码头牵引车动力传动系统控制策略进行了研究。码头牵引车承担码头的集装箱运输任务,目前主要以内燃机车型为主,造成了使用成本较高,对码头环境污染严重。码头牵引车在港口的运行中具有速度低,运距短,爬坡度小,怠速时间长,列车总质量大,转弯启停频繁,24小时不间断作业等特点,为了降低码头车司机的劳动强度内燃机码头车牵引车基本上都采用液力自动变速器,发动机经常运行在非经济区域,自动变速器长时间变扭工作,导致了燃油消耗量增大、能量损失严重、污染加重等问题。本文首先介绍了国内外增程式电动汽车发展背景,分析了增程式电动码头牵引车的推广价值。以中国重汽HOVA牌码头牵引车为基础车型,由于增程式电动车原理决定了其匹配的发动机不再是大功率、大扭矩的传统大排量内燃机,功率确定之后,其发动机应尽量选用排量小,技术先进的,降低其本身的内耗。根据码头牵引车的平均车速与参考相关资料,选择平均车速为18km/h,可得其行驶平均功率需求约为18kW。利用增程式电动车能量与功率相互独立的原则确定了增程式电动码头牵引车的动力传动系统方案并对其参数进行了设计。本论文分析码头牵引车每天的工况和行驶里程相对固定,通过日常数据积累对码头车运行状态特点进行统计,使APU在SOC高位时就参与工作并持续运行,采用功率恒定和功率跟随相结合的方式,优先满足码头牵引车的平均功率需求,制定了功率恒定与功率跟随相结合的六个控制工作状态,将APU恒功率经济工作点设定为20kW与30kW。动力电池SOC保持平缓降低的趋势,从而提高整车的能量利用率。本论文通过应用Cruise软件进行了建模仿真,比较增程式电动码头牵引车采用常规的CDCS型控制策略和本文制定的APU在SOC高位就参与工作的控制策略的优劣。分析结果表明,油耗较传统柴油机码头车节省了约42.8%,满足了35L/100km的设计技术指标。本论文针对增程式电动码头牵引车动力传动系统控制策略的研究,为今后增程式电动码头牵引车开发及HOVA牌柴油机码头牵引车改装增程式提供了技术依据。
[Abstract]:Programmable electric vehicle is a kind of vehicle between internal combustion engine vehicle and pure electric vehicle. It can effectively solve the dependence of automobile on oil on the basis of ensuring the ability of life and battery life. It not only alleviates the dependence of pure electric vehicle on power battery, but also has the advantages of long range of hybrid electric vehicle. With the current technology level, the fuel saving rate can reach more than 40%, which is a direction of automotive technology development in the future. Before the new technology battery is put into use, it is an ideal vehicle for the smooth transition of internal combustion engine vehicle to pure electric vehicle. Under the guidance of this subject, the control strategy of power transmission system of extended range electric wharf tractor is studied. The container transportation task of the terminal towing vehicle is mainly diesel locomotive at present, which results in high cost of use and serious pollution to the environment of the wharf. The terminal tractor has the characteristics of low speed, short distance, small slope climbing, long idle time, large train quality, frequent turning and stopping, and 24 hours of continuous operation, etc. In order to reduce the labor intensity of the driver of the wharf, the tractor of the wharf car of the internal combustion engine basically adopts the hydraulic automatic transmission, the engine often runs in the non-economic area, the automatic transmission works for a long time and changes the torsion, which results in the increase of the fuel consumption. Serious energy loss, serious pollution and other problems. This paper first introduces the development background of extended range electric vehicle at home and abroad, and analyzes the promotion value of extended range electric wharf tractor. Based on the HOVA wharf tractor of China heavy Automobile, the matching engine is no longer a high-power, high-torque traditional large-displacement internal combustion engine, after the power is determined, because of the principle of the augmented electric vehicle. Its engine should choose small displacement, advanced technology, reduce its own internal friction. According to the average speed and reference data of the tractor, the average speed is 18 km / h, and the average power demand is about 18 kW. Based on the principle of the independence of the energy and power of the augmented electric vehicle, the scheme of the power transmission system of the extended range electric wharf tractor is determined and its parameters are designed. This paper analyzes the daily working conditions and mileage of wharf tractor is relatively fixed. Through daily data accumulation, the characteristics of wharf vehicle running state are counted, so that APU can participate in the work and run continuously when SOC is high. Based on the combination of power constant and power following, the average power requirement of the terminal tractor is first satisfied. Six control working states of power constant and power following are established, and the constant power economic working point of APU is set as 20kW and 30kW. The SOC of the power battery keeps a steady decreasing trend, thus improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle. Through modeling and simulation by using Cruise software, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional CDCS control strategy used in extended range electric wharf towing vehicle and the control strategy of APU in the high position of SOC. The analysis results show that the fuel consumption is about 42.8% less than that of the traditional diesel wharf car, which meets the design specifications of 35L/100km. In this paper, the control strategy of power transmission system of extended range electric wharf is studied, which provides the technical basis for the development of extended range electric wharf tractor and the modification of HOVA diesel terminal tractor.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U469.72

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