淇河鲫异速生长、两性异形和下咽骨形态学研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 19:08
【摘要】：淇河鲫(Carassius auratus)隶属鲤科,鲤亚科,鲫属,银鲫亚种。是自然的三倍体雌核发育鲫鱼,产于河南省鹤壁市淇河,是河南省所特有的优质珍贵鱼种,同时也是重点保护的珍稀和濒危野生动物。因淇河鲫具有生长速度快、味道鲜美和经济效益高等特点,使其成为很多学者的研究热点。本研究通过采用形态学测量和统计分析相结合的方式研究淇河鲫早期生长发育的异速生长模式,探讨淇河鲫成鱼形态学上的两性异形,同时对淇河鲫的下咽骨和咽齿进行形态学描述和分析。目的是完善淇河鲫形态学研究,填补早期异速生长和两性异形研究的空白,为淇河鲫的基础研究积累资料,为种质资源鉴定和保护育种提供基础材料。1.淇河鲫早期异速生长所有数据分析采用SPSS20.0统计软件。采用描述性统计分析和回归分析研究淇河鲫早期发育阶段的生长特性及异速生长规律。结果显示:全长与日龄采用Logistic非线性回归拟合效果最好,R2=0.985。淇河鲫仔、稚、幼鱼的体高、体宽、头长和头宽等与日龄的关系符合幂函数曲线拟合模型(P0.05)。各形态变量的早期生长呈现出典型的异速生长特点。2.淇河鲫形态学两性异形采用协方差分析、多元判别分析和因子分析等方法研究淇河鲫形态特征的两性异形。结果显示:14个形态变量中有7个变量(体高、体宽、头长、吻长、眼径、眼后长和尾柄长)在性别之间存在显著差异(P0.05或P0.01)。雌性个体体长大于雄性个体,雄性尾柄长和尾柄高大于雌性,外部体型变量(体高、体宽和尾柄长)具有显著的两性异形。因子分析结果显示13个形态变量可以提取3个因子,可以解释原始变量总变异的72.5%。判别分析的总体正确判别率为80.4%~86.3%,交互检验比回代检验的性别正确判别率略低一些,为76.5%~78.4%。3.淇河鲫下咽骨和咽齿的形态学观察和描述淇河鲫成鱼下咽骨和咽齿的形态组合类型,采用单因素方差分析和主成分分析比较淇河鲫的咽齿与体型的性差。结果显示:下咽骨形态变量和比值变量性差无统计学意义(P0.05),多数下咽骨变量是雌性大于雄性。主成份分析结果显示下咽骨7个变量可以提取4个因子,可以解释原始变量总变异的88.45%,反映了变量之间的关联程度。
[Abstract]:(Carassius auratus) belongs to Cyprinidae, Crucian Carp, Crucian Carp subspecies. Carassius auratus is a natural triploid gynogenetic crucian carp, produced in Qihe River, Hebi City, Henan Province. It is a unique species of high-quality and precious fish in Henan Province, and is also a rare and endangered wild animal under special protection. Owing to its rapid growth, delicious taste and high economic benefits, the Qihe crucian carp has become a hot research topic for many scholars. In this study, the heterokinetic growth pattern of Qihe crucian carp was studied by means of morphological measurement and statistical analysis, and the morphological heteromorphism of adult fish in Qihe crucian carp was discussed. At the same time, the lower pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp were described and analyzed. The aim of this study was to improve the morphological study of Qihe crucian carp, to fill the gaps in the study of early heterokinetic growth and heteromorphism, to accumulate data for the basic research of Qihe crucian carp, and to provide basic materials for germplasm resources identification and conservation breeding. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze all the data of early allometric growth in Qihe Crucian Carp (Crucian Carassius auratus). Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis were used to study the growth characteristics and allometric growth of Qihe crucian carp during its early development. The results show that Logistic nonlinear regression is the best fitting method for full length and day age. The relationship between body height, body width, head length and head width and age was in accordance with the power function curve fitting model (P0.05). The early growth of various morphological variables showed typical allometric growth characteristics. 2. The morphological characteristics of crucian carp in Qihe were studied by means of covariance analysis, multivariate discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that 7 of the 14 morphological variables (body height, body width, head length, kiss length, eye diameter, posterior eye length and tail stalk length) were significantly different in sex (P0.05 or P0.01). The body length of female is larger than that of male, the length of male caudal stalk and the height of caudal stalk are larger than that of female, and the external somatotype variables (body height, body width and tail stalk length) have significant heteromorphism. The results of factor analysis showed that 13 morphological variables could extract 3 factors, which could explain 72.5% of the total variation of original variables. The overall correct discriminant rate of discriminant analysis was 80.4 and 86.3.The rate of gender correct discrimination in the interactive test was slightly lower than that in the back generation test, which was 76.58.40.3. Morphological observation of pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp and description of morphological combination types of hypopharyngeal bone and pharynx tooth of adult crucian carp Qihe. The difference of pharyngeal tooth and shape of Qihe crucian carp was compared by single factor variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the morphological and ratio variables of hypopharyngeal bone (P0.05), and most of the hypopharyngeal bone variables were more common in female than in male. The results of principal component analysis showed that 4 factors could be extracted from 7 variables of hypopharyngeal bone, which could explain the total variation of original variable 88.45%, which reflected the degree of correlation between variables.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S917.4
本文编号：2260452
[Abstract]:(Carassius auratus) belongs to Cyprinidae, Crucian Carp, Crucian Carp subspecies. Carassius auratus is a natural triploid gynogenetic crucian carp, produced in Qihe River, Hebi City, Henan Province. It is a unique species of high-quality and precious fish in Henan Province, and is also a rare and endangered wild animal under special protection. Owing to its rapid growth, delicious taste and high economic benefits, the Qihe crucian carp has become a hot research topic for many scholars. In this study, the heterokinetic growth pattern of Qihe crucian carp was studied by means of morphological measurement and statistical analysis, and the morphological heteromorphism of adult fish in Qihe crucian carp was discussed. At the same time, the lower pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp were described and analyzed. The aim of this study was to improve the morphological study of Qihe crucian carp, to fill the gaps in the study of early heterokinetic growth and heteromorphism, to accumulate data for the basic research of Qihe crucian carp, and to provide basic materials for germplasm resources identification and conservation breeding. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze all the data of early allometric growth in Qihe Crucian Carp (Crucian Carassius auratus). Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis were used to study the growth characteristics and allometric growth of Qihe crucian carp during its early development. The results show that Logistic nonlinear regression is the best fitting method for full length and day age. The relationship between body height, body width, head length and head width and age was in accordance with the power function curve fitting model (P0.05). The early growth of various morphological variables showed typical allometric growth characteristics. 2. The morphological characteristics of crucian carp in Qihe were studied by means of covariance analysis, multivariate discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that 7 of the 14 morphological variables (body height, body width, head length, kiss length, eye diameter, posterior eye length and tail stalk length) were significantly different in sex (P0.05 or P0.01). The body length of female is larger than that of male, the length of male caudal stalk and the height of caudal stalk are larger than that of female, and the external somatotype variables (body height, body width and tail stalk length) have significant heteromorphism. The results of factor analysis showed that 13 morphological variables could extract 3 factors, which could explain 72.5% of the total variation of original variables. The overall correct discriminant rate of discriminant analysis was 80.4 and 86.3.The rate of gender correct discrimination in the interactive test was slightly lower than that in the back generation test, which was 76.58.40.3. Morphological observation of pharyngeal bone and pharyngeal teeth of Qihe crucian carp and description of morphological combination types of hypopharyngeal bone and pharynx tooth of adult crucian carp Qihe. The difference of pharyngeal tooth and shape of Qihe crucian carp was compared by single factor variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the morphological and ratio variables of hypopharyngeal bone (P0.05), and most of the hypopharyngeal bone variables were more common in female than in male. The results of principal component analysis showed that 4 factors could be extracted from 7 variables of hypopharyngeal bone, which could explain the total variation of original variable 88.45%, which reflected the degree of correlation between variables.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S917.4
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